American Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
Politics in States and Communities
15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye
177 solutions
American Corrections
11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear
160 solutions
Recommended textbook solutions
Politics in States and Communities
15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye
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9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole
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American Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
Recommended textbook solutionsCriminal Justice in America
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Politics in States and Communities
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American Government
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The interests of state and federal agencies are represented by
-government organizations.
-nonmembership organizations.
-membership organizations
-political action committees.
government organizations
Peak business organizations focus on
which of the following goals?
representing a specific profession that typically requires a state license or certification
representing small businesses with a local or municipal focus
supporting legislation that would foster a "good business climate" in Texas
protecting the collective bargaining rights of members
supporting legislation that would foster a "good business climate" in Texas
The Texas Farm Bureau represents which segment of the Texas agricultural industry?
-retail sales of farm goods
-large agricultural producers
-family farms and ranches
-farm equipment suppliers
large farms and ranches
The Texas Apartment Association, the Texas Restaurant Association, and the Beer Alliance of Texas are all examples of
-professional associations.
-retail trade groups.
-peak business
associations.
-nonmembership organizations.
retail trade groups
Which of the following is an example of a specialized "educational" association?
-Texas State Teachers Association
-National Education Association
-Association of Texas Professional Educators
-Texas High School Coaches Association
Texas High School Coaches Association
True or false: Nonmembership organizations do not have broad-based citizen support.
True
true
What is the primary distinction between trade associations and peak business organizations?
-Peak business organizations represent white-collar industries while trade associations represent blue-collar trades.
-Trade associations represent more specific business interests such as the oil
industry.
-Trade associations offer more benefits to members.
-Trade associations focus on state issues while peak business organizations devote their resources to national policy.
trade associations represent more specific business interests such as the oil industry.
The Texas Farmers Union (not to be confused with the Texas Farm Bureau) represents which segment of the Texas agricultural industry?
-farm
equipment suppliers
-large agricultural producers
-retail sales of farm goods
-family farms and ranches
family farms and ranches
What is the primary goal of retail trade associations?
-protecting their trades from undesirable state regulation
-promoting a favorable business climate in the state
-representing the interests of professionals
-representing the rights of retail workers
protecting their trades from undesirable state regulation
Which type of interest group has little power in Texas compared to many other states?
-business organizations
-trade associations
-labor unions
-religious groups
labor unions
Who or what can be a part of membership organizations?
-individual
citizens
-businesses
-federal agencies
-local governments
-individual citizens
-businesses
The Good Roads Association is an example of a(n) ________ __________ because it represents the specific business interests of highway contractors.
trade association
What are the three types of agricultural interest groups in Texas?
-those that represent general farming interests
-those that represent Texas in international trade and tariff discussions
-those that represent suppliers
-those that represent commodity groups
-those that represent general farming interests
-those that represent suppliers
-those that represent commodity groups
The Texas Automobile Association seeks to protect and promote the interests of its member businesses that are involved in the sales of goods and services and thus is an example of a
-professional association.
-nonmembership organization.
-retail trade association.
-peak business association.
retail trade association
In Texas, how are public sector employee organizations classified, due to their inability to engage in collective bargaining?
-trade
associations
-state and local associations
-professional associations
-`labor unions
professional associations
Which of the following is an example of a peak business organization?
-Christian Coalition
-Texas Medical Association
-Texas Farm Bureau
-Texas Association of Manufacturers
Texas Association of Manufacturers
What is the largest category of interest group?
-social interest groups
-nonmembership organizations
-professional associations
-government organizations
nonmembership organizations
State and local interest groups (SLIGs) represent
-the leadership (elected or appointed) of an organization.
-the individual members of an organization.
-an organization.
an organization
Which of the following is an example of a government organization?
-MADD
-NEA
-SLIGs
-NRA
SLIGs
The practice of trying to influence members of the legislature is called ___________
lobbying
Nonmembership organizations represent
-a place.
-citizens as a whole.
-a single company, organization, or individual.
a single company, organization, or individual
Which of the following is the primary goal of most state and local interest groups?
-lobbying state officials
-lobbying federal officials
-protecting local interests from state activities
-winning federal grant money for local projects
protecting local interests from state activites
______ refers to the various activities in which interest groups engage to try to influence the outcome of elections.
-Collective bargaining
-Rent seeking
-Lobbying
-Electioneering
electioneering
What is the primary goal of lobbying?
-shifting money from federal to state programs
-influencing the outcome of
political campaigns
-influencing members of the legislature
-swaying public opinion
influencing members of the legislature
How has the interest group tactic of entertaining legislators changed over the years?
- Although all forms of entertaining legislators are prohibited by law, the practice is stronger than ever before.
- There is far less provision of entertainment, food, and bribes, but it is
still a key part of the process.
- Interest groups are now forbidden by law from entertaining or "wining and dining" legislators.
- The process of giving legislators lavish entertainment and gifts has grown dramatically in recent years.
There is far less provision of entertainment, food, and bribes, but it is still a key part of the process.
Which of the following is not an example of a state and local interest group?
-Texas Municipal League
-Texas Association of School Boards
-Texas Police Chiefs Association
-State Board of Education
State Board of Education
In the process of electioneering, money is usually funneled to candidates through
-SLIGs.
-lobbyists.
-trade associations.
-PACs.
PACs
What
is the chief goal of grassroots lobbying efforts by interest groups?
-to mobilize supporters to advocate for their organization
-to sway voters toward one major party or the other
-to influence which candidates stand for election
-to influence which candidates the public votes for
to mobilize supporters to advocate for their organization
In an attempt to influence court decisions, interest groups may
file "friend of the court" briefs, otherwise known as ______ briefs.
-ad hominem
-amicus curiae
-stare decisis
-sua sponte
amicus curiae
Most states have laws regulating what activity by interest groups?
-lobbying
-making financial contributions to political campaigns
-designing issue advertisements
-recruiting group membership
-lobbying
-making
financial contributions to political campaigns
Because individuals may benefit from the work of interest groups whether or not they participate in the groups' activities, some groups have difficulty recruiting members due the _________ _________ problem.
free rider
How has PAC influence affected candidates' party loyalty?
-PACs have decreased loyalty to parties
since they finance races and help candidates much like parties do.
-PACs have enhanced party loyalty because they support party activities.
-PACs have eliminated party loyalty because they are so much -better funded than parties.
-PACs have no overall effect on party loyalty.
PACs have decreased loyalty to parties since they finance races and help candidates much like parties do.
Which of the following accurately describe the Texas Municipal League?
-very large membership
-focused committees
-highly organized
-influential members
focused committees
highly organized
influential members
Research suggests that when interest groups have submitted amicus briefs, they have been ______ in swaying courts.
-quite effective
-marginally effective
-mostly unsuccessful
-ultimately
unsuccessful
quite effective
_________________ ______________a characteristic of some interest groups, refers to the fact that the groups have members in all regions of the state.
geographical distribution
Under lobbying regulations, what type of interest groups are required to register and file reports on their activities?
-organizations that help recruit candidates for office
-all interest groups
-groups that have regular contact with legislators
-any group participating in grassroots lobbying
groups that have regular contact with legislators
The Texas Municipal League, which represents Texas city officials, derives its greatest strength from
-its influential membership.
-its large numbers.
-its free
riders.
its influential membership
A blog called Working Families for Walmart appeared to be a grassroots effort to support the organization. What was it, in reality?
-a blog authored by a public relations firm hired by Walmart
-a blog started by disgruntled Walmart employees
-a parody authored by anonymous sources
-a smear campaign authored by Walmart competitors
a blog authored by a public relations firm hired by Walmart
In its pursuit of electioneering, an interest group's most import resource is
-money.
-public relations.
-lobbyists.
-manpower.
money
How does economic diversity affect interest group power in Texas?
-Texas has few interest groups and associations.
-The diversified economy has increased
the number of interest groups, thus diluting the groups' power.
-The diversified economy opens the door for united interests such as the energy industry to dominate state politics.
-Economic diversity discourages interest group formation and advocacy in the first place.
The diversified economy has increased the number of interest groups, thus diluting the groups' power.
Why is it unnecessary for the Texas Municipal League to maintain constant contact with it's members?
-It is so decentralized that committees make all decisions.
-It is not active enough to require it.
-The leadership does not consult members on most issues.
-Its processes are so organized that it functions efficiently without it.
Its processes are so organized that it functions efficiently without it.
Which of the following is an example of a group that cannot draw strength from geographic distribution?
-commercial shrimp fishermen
-health insurance providers
-the Texas Municipal League
-the League of Conservation Voters
commercial shrimp fishermen
How does the party structure in Texas affect interest group power and influence?
-The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group
influence.
-The competitive party structure of Texas weakens interest group influence.
-Interest groups aligned with the Democratic Party control the state's agenda.
-Interest groups aligned with the Republican Party control the state's agenda.
The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence.
What organization provides legislative staff assistance in research and information?
-the Texas Legislative Budget Board
-the Texas Legislative Council
-the Texas Education Agency
-the University of Texas, Austin
the Texas Legislative Council
Interest groups need money for which of the following?
-lobbying
-public relations
-electioneering
-to pay grassroots members
-to pay full-time staff
-lobbying
-public
relations
-electioneering
-to pay full-time staff
Which statement best describes economic activity in Texas?
-The oil and energy industries dominate the Texas economy.
-The Texas economy is highly diversified, with a strong presence in several industries.
-Texas relies on high-tech industries for economic growth.
-Agricultural interests such as cotton and ranching dominate the Texas economy.
The Texas economy is highly diversified, with a strong presence in several industries.
Why does the Texas oil industry lobby focus on influencing the Texas Railroad Commission?
-The Texas Railroad Commission oversees the state oil industry.
-The Texas Railroad Commission is the most powerful agency in the state.
-The Texas Railroad Commission has a particularly close relationship with the governor.
-The Texas Railroad Commission controls
transportation costs in the state, which includes the transport of oil.
The Texas Railroad Commission oversees the state oil industry.
States with ______ political parties tend to have weaker interest group influence.
-weak
-strong
strong
How does compensation for legislative staff in Texas compare to that of other states?
-The Texas legislature provides less money for staff salaries than most states.
-The Texas legislature provides average compensation for its staff members.
-The Texas legislature provides more money for staff salaries than any other state.
-Compensation in Texas is comparatively low, but state employees enjoy strong union rights.
The Texas legislature provides more money for staff salaries than any other state.
An "astroturf organization" is one that lacks
-a big budget.
-access to media advertising.
-access to legislators or leaders in the executive.
-a grassroots organization.
a grassroots organization
How does the state's government structure alter the operations of interest groups in Texas?
-The groups focus their attention on the leadership of the state agency
regulating their industry.
-The groups spend most of their time persuading the public and the court system.
-The groups focus on lobbying the governor and executive appointees.
-The groups focus exclusively on the state legislature.
The groups focus their attention on the leadership of the state agency regulating their industry.
In terms of leadership and organization, the Texas Municipal League draws strength from its
-loose-knit and flexible membership.
-strong, proactive legislative committee.
-involvement of key members on every decision and action.
-quick adoption of stands on key legislative items.
strong, proactive legislative committee.
quick adoption of stands on key legislative items.
How does the party structure in Texas affect interest group power and influence?
-Interest
groups aligned with the Democratic Party control the state's agenda.
-The competitive party structure of Texas weakens interest group -influence.
-Interest groups aligned with the Republican Party control the state's agenda.
-The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence.
The weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence.
True or false: Under Texas law, members of state licensing boards are not allowed to be members of the interest groups that cover the subject matter of their licensing activities.
false
How is interest group influence weakened in competitive, two-party states?
-The parties assume a greater role in recruiting and supporting candidates, replacing a vital function of interest groups.
-Interest groups face reduced
funding.
-The parties encourage elected officials to enact legislation weakening the power of PACs and interest groups.
-The parties control industries that form and fund interest groups, reducing the probability of interest group formation.
The parties assume a greater role in recruiting and supporting candidates, replacing a vital function of interest groups.
When individuals or groups try to secure benefits for themselves through political means, the process is called
-capture.
-rent seeking.
-electioneering.
-the iron triangle.
rent seeking
Who is best known for arguing that "factions" would play an important role in American politics?
-James Madison
-Thomas Paine
-Ben Franklin
-George Washington
James Madison
An interest group that appears to have many grassroots members but in fact does not have individual citizens as members is called what?
-a "007" organization
-an "astroturf" organization
-a "Benedict Arnold" organization
-a "sheep's clothing" organization
an "astroturf" organization
Which of the following is one of the five types of lobbyist?
-citizen
-in-house
-governmental
-All
of these answers are correct.
all of these
Communication with the general public that attempts to influence legislation by expressing a view about that legislation and urging the public to act is known as
-electioneering.
-volunteer lobbying.
-citizen lobbying.
-grassroots lobbying.
grassroots lobbying
Which of the following is true of campaign finance regulation in Texas?
- Since the 2010 Citizens United decision, unions in Texas have been able to establish a PAC for electioneering purposes.
- Texas lacks laws that enforce transparency on PACs with respect to disclosure of their donors.
- The Texas Ethics Commission has often been criticized for enforcing campaign finance laws too rigidly.
- The Citizens United decision invalidated the Texas law prohibiting direct campaign contributions
by unions and corporations.
Since the 2010 Citizens United decision, unions in Texas have been able to establish a PAC for electioneering purposes.
When the economy of a state grows more diverse,
-no single industry or group can dominate.
-it is easier for a single rich interest to monopolize power.
-the number of interest groups shrinks.
-the influence of interest groups becomes greater.
no single industry or group can dominate
The situation of individuals receiving the benefits of collective action without contributing is known as
-the "welfare state."
-the "free-rider problem."
-"benefit stealing."
-"coattailing."
the "free-rider" problem
The goal of ________ is to create a favorable public image for the group while moving public opinion on a specific issue.
-mass mailings
-positive media coverage
-public relations activities
-a focus group
public relations activities
The process of electioneering begins with
-candidate recruitment.
-focus groups.
-interest polling.
-raising money for campaign costs.
candidate recruitment
The fact that oil industry lobby groups have been able to strongly influence the Texas Railroad Commission's three commissioners instead of having to influence the governor is an example of how ________ can increase interest group strength.
-a fragmented government structure
-poor legislative professionalism
-wide geographic distribution
-economic diversity
fragmented government structure
What is the most important tool for interest groups seeking to influence election outcomes?
-connections
-lawyers
-public relations
-money
money
True or False: It is illegal for an interest groups to endorse an candidate running for office.
FALSE
Under current Texas lobbying rules, an individual who crosses either the "compensation and reimbursement threshold" or the "expenditure threshold" while engaged in lobbying efforts
-is guilty of influence peddling.
-will be banned from further lobbying efforts for the period of two years.
-must register as a lobbyist with the Texas Ethics Commission.
-All of these answers are correct.
must register as a lobbyist with the Texas Ethics Commission.
As of 2017, there were __________________ registered lobbyists in Texas.
-197
-1927
-19,270
-51,000
1927
Although entertaining members of the legislature is used by interest groups, bribery of a public official is
-a misdemeanor
-felony
-even more effective and legal.
felony
When the relationship between a state agency and an interest group becomes very close, it is referred to as
-the "Iron Triangle."
-"strange bedfellows."
-capture.
-entrapment.
capture
Interest group efforts to influence the outcome of elections is known as
-campaigning.
-influence peddling.
-electioneering.
-lobbying.
electioneering
Which category of PAC spent the most money in the 2014 Texas election cycle?
-ideological/single issue
-energy/natural resources/waste
-real estate
-agriculture
ideological/single issue
Interest groups such as LULAC and the NAACP most effectively achieve policy change through
-Issue advertisement
-Litigation
-Lobbying
-Electioneering.
litigation
True or False: To be an effective lobbyist, the individual must be an issue expert.
True
Which of the following interest groups consistently donates the largest amount to politicians in Texas?
-Texans for Lawsuit Reform
-Texas Medical Association
-Texas AFL-CIO
-Texas Community College Teachers Association
Texans for Lawsuit Reform
An organization that collects and distributes money to candidates is known as a(n)
-interest group.
-political action committee.
-issue network.
-political party.
Political Action Committee
Attempts to discuss topics of interest with a member of the legislature in an ambush-style meeting in the public hallways outside a legislative chamber is the original form of what's still known as
-lobbying.
-"gottcha" politics.
-influence peddling.
-guerrilla influence.
lobbying
Organized labor in Texas is
-very weak.
-modestly weak.
-quite strong.
-very strong.
very weak
A(n) ________ is an organization of individuals sharing common goals that tries to influence governmental decisions.
-fraternity
-political movement
-interest group
-political party
interest group
CASA is a good example of a
-Citizen
-Advocacy
-Cause
-Mixed economic/cause
advocacy
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the AARP, and the National Rifle Association are all examples of which interest group type?
-public interest
-political interest
-religious interest
-racial and ethnic interest
public interest
True or False: Approximately 25% of Texas workers belong to unions.
False
When are PACs prohibited from making contributions to members of the Texas state legislature?
-the period beginning 30 days before and ending 20 days after the regular session
-in odd calendar years, i.e. 1971, 1973
-during the regular 140-day session only
-never; they are free to contribute whenever they wish
the period beginning 30 days before and ending 20 days after the regular session
The Texas Trucking Association is an example of a _____________ association.
-business
-professional
-trade
-retail
trade
Which of the following statements is not true regarding unions in Texas?
- According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of 2017 only 4.7% of wage and salaried employees in Texas belong to labor unions.
- Texas law protections the right of public employees to strike so that employment
conditions and be negotiated between employer and employee.
- As a "right to work state", employees cannot be required to join the union as a condition of employment.
- While private sector labor unions exist, they are not powerful and represent only a small fraction of workers.
Texas law protections the right of public employees to strike so that employment conditions and be negotiated between employer and employee.
The process in which policy is created through the combined efforts of interest groups, a state agency, and a legislative committee is called
-"strange bedfellows."
-capture.
-entrapment.
-the "Iron Triangle."
The "Iron Triangle"
All of the following groups would be considered powerful in Texas because the represent the traditionalistic political culture of the State, EXCEPT
-Agriculural
groups
-Labor groups
-Religious Groups
-Professional groups
Labor groups
True or false: All farming interest groups have the same policy goals.
False
When the relationship between a state agency and an interest group becomes very close, it is referred to as
-entrapment.
-"strange bedfellows."
-the "Iron
Triangle."
-capture.
capture
All of the following contribute to legislative professionalism EXCEPT
-more staff support.
-limited sessions.
-higher pay.
-longer sessions.
limited sessions
As of 2017, there were almost _______ registered lobbyists in Texas.
-200
-800
-2000
-4500
2000
The situation in which a state agency falls under the heavy influence of its constituency interest groups is called
-an Iron Triangle.
-capture.
-rent seeking.
-astroturf.
capture
True or False: The amount of money contributed by PACs from 1998 to 2014 has more than tripled.
True
True or False: In 2014, there were over 1400 registered PACs in Texas.
True
True or False: Today, traditional industries such as cotton and cattle continue to wield power over policy.
true
In the 2014 election, PACs donated just of $__________ million.
-51
-68
-99
-159
159
Interest groups within a state tend to be less powerful when
-the economy is dominated by a few industries.
-government structure is fragmented.
-the legislature is professional.
-political parties are weak.
the legislature is professional.
Which of the following is a SLIG?
-Texas Medical Association
-Texas
Automobile Dealers Association
-Texas Municipal League
-Texas Farm Bureau
Texas Municipal League
The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) is an example of
-a nonmembership organization.
-a public interest group.
-a government organization.
-a trade association.
public interest group
Peak business associations are interest groups that represent
-statewide business interests.
-national business interests.
-seasonal business interests.
-local business interests.
statewide business interests
Which of the following can help offset the power of interest groups?
economic diversity
competitive political parties
legislative professionalism
All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
All of the following are lobbying tactics EXCEPT
Multiple Choice
testifying before a legislative committee.
encouraging interest group members to contact legislators about a bill.
publishing a newsletter to keep interest group members informed.
working with legislators to draft bills.
publishing a newsletter to keep interest group members informed.
True or false: Because of the revolving door policy in Texas, retiring legislators must wait two years before becoming a registered lobbyist.
false
The National Rifle Association (NRA), the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), and the National Education Association (NEA) are all examples of groups that are
Multiple
Choice
nonmembership organizations.
professional associations.
active on both the state and national levels.
barred from financial contributions to PACs.
active on both the state and national levels
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Verified questions
finance
Common stock value-Constant growth Use the constant-growth model (Gordon growth model) to find the value of each firm shown in the following table. $$ \begin{array}{cccc} \text { Firm } & \text { Dividend expected next year } & \text { Dividend growth rate } & \text { Required return } \\ \hline \text { A } & \$ 1.20 & 8 \% & 13 \% \\ \text { B } & 4.00 & 5 & 15 \\ \text { C } & 0.65 & 10 & 14 \\ \text { D } & 6.00 & 8 & 9 \\ \text { E } & 2.25 & 8 & 20 \end{array} $$
Verified answer
economics
In the United States, taxpayers in the top 1 percent of the income distribution pay about _______ percent of their income in federal taxes. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 30
Verified answer
finance
Which of the following is a characteristic of a current liability? A) It cannot be settled with services \ B) It is an avoidable obligation. \ C) It creates a present obligation for future payment of cash or services \ D) It occurs because of a future transaction or event
Verified answer
finance
Under what conditions must an employer accrue a liability for employees' compensation for future absences?
Verified answer
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