Magruder's American Government
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555 solutions
United States Government: Our Democracy
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United States Government: Our Democracy
1st EditionDonald A. Ritchie, Richard C. Remy
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9/11, President Bush,
prior to 9/11 we had highly contentious election, candidate who won popular vote lost presidency. One of the most controversial elections. 3rd candidate to lose popular vote. Controversy relating to the win: Florida: election was so close Florida was the tiebreaker, Bush won by 500 votes. Supreme Court intervenes, puts deadline on Florida, Supreme Court has never been involved in presidential election. US
Constitution, article 1 states that tie in presidential election will be delegated to HoR. Florida not done counting but Bush was ahead at deadline so he becomes president. Jeb Bush was governor of Florida and secretary of state of Florida is longtime family friend, 3 of Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Bush Sr.
♣ 9/11 attack: everyone is buying American flags, acts of patriotism everywhere, president Bush gets a 90% approval rating after this
♣ when we are in a state of rally
around the flag the media cannot fulfill role of watchdog, if media says anything negative we crucify them.
freedom of press did not exist like it does today, press was restrained by fear of lawsuit.
Libel: untrue accusations in print
Slander: untrue spoken statements
Prior to NYT v S, idea of committing libel was scary and many would threaten and sue, restraining media
New York Times prints an advertisement about the civil rights movement and MLK Jr, asking for contributions, in advertisement, some of the details about the number of arrests was wrong. Describing protests and said that protesters sang Star Spangled Banner but in reality sang National Anthem. Cited wrong numbers when it came to arrests of protestors. Sullivan was commissioner of the police department in Montgomery, cried libel, and sued NY Times. Exactly why the press was so restrained in its reporting.
Goes to supreme court, sides with the NY Times, this is where they give power to freedom of press in this decision. Redress can happen after the fact. Burden of perfection is no longer on press, it is burden of accuser to prove libel: I've set out to ruin you by printing these lies.
• Segregation is alive and well. Separate but Equal doctrine. Plessy is trying to catch a ride on a train, (trains are divided by color) if separation was equal, and amenities were equal, it did not violate the
constitution. No uniform standard for race, if you look a certain color, that's where you sit.
o Plessy challenges this, he is half black and half white, tries to sit in white area of train, he has standing, goes to supreme court.
♣ Supreme Court sides with Ferguson, and against Plessy, upholds the constitutionality of separate but equal as a doctrine.
• Strict interpretation of constitution which tends to be more republican perspective of how to interpret constitution, on the flip
side there is more liberal way where you think of constitution with current perspective on issues. (Looked at it as black or white, no grey in the middle)
• Oppression continues, and technically African American men have suffrage rights but they are continuously denied—poll taxes, grandfather clause, poll tests
o Ex) polls are conducted by the community, conducted voting tests which were conducted orally,
♣ White: who is VP
♣ Black: who was secretary of state under Bill
Clinton
o Denied suffrage this way
Magruder's American Government
1st EditionSavvas Learning Co
555 solutions
United States Government: Our Democracy
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1,148 solutions
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