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Terms in this set (42)
Persuasion
Creating, reinforcing, and/or changing people's beliefs or actions.
Mental Dialogue
Mental give and take between speaker and listener.
Target Audience
The portion of the audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.
Boomerang effect
Audience's hostile reaction to a speech advocating too much or too radical change.
Sleeper Effect
A delayed reaction to persuasion. Usually occurs after hearing an invalid source then gradually forgetting and being persuaded.
Questions of fact
Persuasive speech that deals with the truth or falsity of an assertion.
Questions of value
Persuasive speech that deals with worth, rightness of an idea or action.
Questions of policy
Persuasive speech that deals with whether course of action should or should not be taken.
Problem-solution
Type of policy speech organizational pattern: The spread of phony pharmaceuticals is a serious problem. Solving the problem of phony pharmaceuticals requires action by the federal government.
Problem-cause-solution
Type of policy speech organizational pattern: Childhood obesity is a major problem in the United States. There are two major causes of the increase in childhood obesity. Solving the problem requires dealing with both causes.
Comparative Advantages
Type of plicy speech organizational pattern in which each main point explains why one solution is favorable to the other: Unlike hybrid cars, hydrogen cars run entirely without gasoline, etc.
Monroe's motivated sequence
Type of policy speech organizational pattern in which it is a five-step sequence for speeches that seek immediate action.
Ethos
Method of persuasion which has to do with establishing credibility.
Logos
Method of persuasion which involves appealing to logic.
Pathos
Method of persuasion which involves appealing to emotion.
Competence and Character
Two facets of ethos.
Initial Credibility
Type of credibility which is established before the speech.
Derived Credibility
Type of credibility which is produced during the speech.
Terminal Credibility
The credibility you have at the end of a speech.
Evidence
Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.
Reasoning
Drawing conclusion based on evidence.
Inductive Reasoning
Type of reasoning in which you from particular facts to a general conclusion.
Deductive Reasoning
Type of reasoning in which you move from a general principle to a specific conclusion.
Causal Reasoning
Type of reasoning which establishes a relationship between causes and effects
Analogical Reasoning
Type of reasoning which involves comparing two similar cases.
Hasty generalization
"Throughout American history, military leaders have always made excellent presidents. Look at examples like George Washington and Abraham Lincoln."
False Cause
"When a team from the NFC wins the Super Bowl, economic growth during the next year is stronger than when a team from the AFC wins the Super Bowl. Therefore, if we want economic growth, we should root for the NFC."
Invalid Analogy
"Employees are like nails. Just as nails must be hit on the head to get them to work, so do employees."
Bandwagon
"The governor must be correct in his approach to social policy; after all, the polls have shown that most people support him."
Red Herring
"Using an irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert listeners from the original issue."
Ad hominem
"Senator McCain shouldn't be president because he owns so many/ is so wealthy."
Either/ or
The government must either raise taxes or eliminate services for the poor.
Slippery Slope
Now that the TSA is allowed to use full body scanners and invasive pat-downs before letting through security, its only a matter of time before they strip search whoever wants to fly a plane.
Appeal to Tradition
I don't see any reason to abolish the Electoral College. That's how it's always been done.
Appeal to Novelty
Our church should adopt the 2011 NIV Bible because it's newer than the King James Version.
Language
Influences how we see, feel things. Influences personal and group identity along with behavior.
Denotative Meaning
The literal (definition) meaning.
Connotative Meaning
The associative meaning of words.
Inclusive Language
Language that does not stereotype, demean on basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation,etc.
Special Occasion speeches
Speeches that serve to introduce, present, accept, or commemorate.
Identification
Narratives, recognition of heroes, shared values, group commitment.
Magnification
Overcoming obstacles, unusual or superior accomplishments, unselfish motives, benefits to society.
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