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advocate
Although the nurse would fulfill the roles of educator, care provider, and counselor, the nurse's most important role would be that of an advocate. Children with developmental disabilities often have special health needs. If so, they often interact with many different health care professionals (nurses, pediatricians, occupational therapists, physical therapists, psychologists, and speech and language pathologists) and may require adaptive modifications for school to maximize attendance and learning (e.g., assistance from health aides, nursing care, modifications for regular classes, special education classes, barrier-free facilities). A key nursing role is advocating to obtain services and care that will enable these children to fully participate in and benefit from their educational experiences.
trauma, poverty, and neglect
Various factors have been associated with an increased risk for mental health disorders in children, including trauma, poverty or neglect, difficult temperament or attachment problems, medical illness, or major losses to the family such as divorce or death. Stress could be an issue, but prematurity and poor nutrition are not risk factors for mental health disorders. Death in the family or divorce can cause mental health issues as well as illness, but intellectual disability does not. Developmental delay may be a symptom of a problem, but it is not a risk factor. Anoxia at birth is can cause cognitive disability and possible learning problems, but these are not risk factors for mental illness in themselves.