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procedure
varus | turned inward |
demonstration of the posterior fat pad on the lateral projection of the adult elbow can be caused by | trauma/pathology & less than 90 deg fexion |
the coronoid process should be visualized in profile | medial oblique elbow |
PA of gastroduodenal surfaces of a barium-filled high & transverse stomach | angle the CR 35-45 deg cephalad |
Sattegast, can see | patellofemoral articulation & tangential patella |
right lung has 3 lobes; each lung is enclosed in serous membrane; the main stem bronchi enter the lung hilum; apex is superior | true |
oml perpendicular to IR; petrous pyramids fill the orbits; CR to nasion | PA skull |
pacemaker electrodes can be introduced thru a vein in the chest or upper extremity, from where they are advanced to the | Right ventricle |
widening of the intercostal spaces is charactertistic of | Emhpysema |
Stuctures located in RUQ rt upper quadrant | hepatic flexure, galbladder |
RPO | left kidney is more parallel to IR |
UGI, a stomach of average shape demos a barium-filled fundus & double contrast of the pylorus and duodenal bulb. position most likely to use is | LPO |
articulations to form ankle mortise | talotibial, talofibular |
projection of foot best demos longitudinal arch | lateral weight-bearing |
graves disease is assoc. w/ | thyroid overactivity |
to best visualize the lower ribs, exposure should be made | on expiration |
AP axial (Towne method) of the skull, w/ CR 30 deg caudad to the OML & passing midway between the EAM, best demonstrates | occipital bone |
right posterior oblique postion (Judet method) of the right acetabulum will demo | anterior rim of the right acetabulum & right iliac wing |
heart on right side instead of left | dextrocardia |
a frontal view of the sternum is best accomplished in which position | RAO |
name of the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebra on the one below it | spondylolisthesis |
during atrial systole, blood flows into the | left ventricle via the bicuspid valve; right ventricle via the tricuspid valve |
how should a chest exam to rule out air-fluid levels be obtained on a trauma pt | inlude a lateral chest exam -dorsal decubitus position |
use of iodinated constrast agents w/ pts taking metformin | metformin is used to help lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetic pts; pts on metformin who have IV iodinated contrast are at risk for renal failure; metformin should be withheld for 48 hours after IV iodinated contrast studies. |
erect PA, chin extended, OML 15 deg from horizontal | to get PA axial Caldwell |
Position is used to demo the frontal & ethmoid sinuses; the ethmoid sinuses are seen near the medial aspect of the orbits; the perpendicular plate is seen in midline of the nasal cavity | PA axial Caldwell |
to avoid excessive metacarpophalangeal joint overlap in the oblique projection of the hand | oblique the hand no more than 45 deg1 |
positions to demo SC jnts | RAO, LAO, PA (not wt bearing) |
position to place right kidney parallel to the IR | LPO |
when examining a pt whose elbow is in partial flexion, how should an AP projection be obtained | with humerus parallel to IR, CR perpendicular & with forearm parallel to IR, CR perpendicular |
position to demo small amounts of air in the peritoneal cavity | lateral decubitus, affected side up |
anatomical stuctures listed below is seen most anteriorly in lateral chest | cardiac apex |
AP knee on pt 21 cm from ASIS to tabletop, CR is | 0 degrees (perpendicular) |
olecranon process is best seen in | medial oblique |
on a lateral LSP, can see | intervetrebral foramina & pedicles best |
which of tangential axial projections of the patella is complete relaxation of the quadriceps femoris required for an accurate diagnosis | supine flexion 45 degrees (Merchant) |
which projections can be used to supplement the traditional "open-mouth" projection when the upper portion of the odontoid process cannot be well demonstrated | AP or PA through the forament magnum |
floor of cranium includes all the following bones | 2 temporals, ethmoid, sphenoid |
lateral projection of the hand in extention is often recommended to evaluate | foreign body or soft tissue |
the condition that results from a persistent fetal foramen ovale is | an atrial septal defect |
which of the following projections or positions will best demonstrate subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation | PA oblique scapular Y |
pt recumbent with head lower than the feetl, pt is in | trendelenberg position |
what positions can be used to demo the axillary ribs of the right thorax | LAO & RPO |
in which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first & second cuneiforms best demonstrated | lateral oblique foot |
the sternal angle is at approx. the same level as the | T5 |
which of the following structures is (are) located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) | gallbladder, hepatic flexure |
to demo esophageal varices, the pt must be examined in | the anatomic position |
the tissue that occupies the central cavity w/in the shaft of a long bone in an adult is | yellow marrow |
all the following stuctures are assoc. w/ the posterior femur except | intertrochanteric line {anterior femur popliteal surface, intercondyloid fossa, linea aspera} |
which of the following prejections of the ankle would best demo the mortise | medial oblique 15-20 degrees |
which of the following bony landmarks is in the same transverse plane as the symphysis pubis | prominence of the greater torchanter |
a radiolucent sponge can be placed under the pt's waist for a lateral projection of the lumbosacral spine to | make the vertebral column parallel w/ the IR; place the intervertebral disk spaces perpendicular to the IR |
to reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR in CR/DR imaging of the lumbosacral region, which of the following is recomended | close collimation & lead mat on table posterior to the pt |
which of the following is distal to the tibial plateau | tibial condyles & tibial tuberosity |
evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the humerus include | lesser tubercle in profile; SI epicondyles |
which position of the shoulder demo the lesser tubercle in profile medially | internal rotation |
w/ pt in PA position, which tube angle & direction combinations is correct for an axial projection of the clavicle | 15 - 30 degrees caudad |
which fx classifications describes a small bony fragment pulled from a bony process | avulsion fracture |
portion of the humerus articulates w/ the ulna to help form the elbow joint | trochlea |
movement of a part toward the midline of the body | adduction |
during myelography, contrast medium is introduced into the | subarachnoid space |
junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures is the | bregma |
scapular Y | pt RAO, MCP is 60 degrees to the IR, acromion process is free of SI |
Examples of synovial pivot articulations include the | atlantoaxial joint, radioulnar joint |
lumbar transverse process is represented by what part of the "Scotty dog" seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine | nose |
an injury to a structure located on the side opposite that of the primary injury is referred to | contrecoup |
positions for sesamoid bones of the foot be demonstrated to be free of SI w/ the metatarsals or phalanges | tangential metatarsals/ toes |
conditions is limited specifically to the tibial tuberosity | Osgood-Schlatter disease |
AP stress studies of the ankle may be performed | following inversion or eversion injuries ; to demonstrate a ligament tear |
part of the bony thorax | manubrium, 24 ribs |
aspirated foreign bodies in older children & adults are most likely to lodge in the | right main stem bronchus |
pt seated at the end of the xray table, elbow flexed 80 degrees, & CR directed 45 deg laterally from the shoulder to the elbow joint, which of the structures is demo | coronoid process |
structures forming the brain stem include | pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain |
CR parallel the intervertebral foramina in which projection | lateral thoracic spine; lateral lumbar spine |
structure can be located midway between ASIS anterosuperior iliac spine & pubic symphysis | dome of acetabulum |
Which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection?
Which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection? The humeral head and greater tubercle are both seen in profile. With reference to the plane of the IR, how is it determined that the humerus is properly positioned in true lateral position.
How should the hand be placed for the AP projection of the humerus?
Positioning for an AP projection of the humerus
Abduct the arm slightly, and supinate the hand so that epicondyles of the elbow are equidistant from IR. A coronal plane passing through the epicondyles should be parallel with the cassette plane for the AP or posteroanterior (PA) projection. Respiration: suspend.
What criterion is used to determine whether the AP axial clavicle has been correctly positioned?
What criterion is used to determine whether the AP axial clavicle has been correctly positioned? The lateral half of the clavicle is shown above the scapula. Most of the clavicle is projected above the ribs and scapula, with the medial end overlapping the first or second rib.
When performing AP projections of the shoulder where should the central ray be directed?
Central ray: The central ray should be directed to the scapulohumeral joint perpendicular to the image receptor. For an AP Axial, a cephalic angle of 35 degrees.