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C. programmed
Decisions that have been made many times in the past and for which managers have rules and guidelines about how to make similar decisions in the future are known as ________________ decisions.
B. They establish rules and guidelines.
What do managers do to regulate routine activities?
E. nonprogrammed
Nonroutine decisions made in response to novel situations in business are known as ________________ decisions.
B. Nonprogrammed
An organization that has been focusing on a target market located in the eastern part of the United States is attempting to decide whether to expand its sales to the West Coast of the United States. Which of the following types of decisions is being taken by the organization?
B. prescriptive.
The classical model of decision making specifies how decisions should be made by managers; this is a way of saying that this model of decision making is:
B. Bounded rationality
In the administrative model of decision making, when the number of possible alternatives to a decision is so large that the manager cannot possibly evaluate all of them before making a decision, which of the following has occurred?
D. uncertainty.
When managers cannot assign probabilities of future occurrence to possible alternatives with a decision, this is known as:
D. satisficing.
A manager considers a limited sample of the potential alternative solutions for a problem and selects one that is acceptable instead of attempting to select the optimum solution. This type of decision is called:
B. Learn from feedback
With reference to the steps of decision-making process, which of the following is the last step in the managerial decision-making process?
C. economic feasibility.
Esteban, a manager, performs a financial analysis of several investment alternatives in order to determine which alternative is most likely to impact the organization's profitability. Esteban is focusing on:
D. recognize the need for a decision.
Based on the work of March and Simon's administrative model of decision making, the first step in the managerial decision-making process is to:
A. Practicality
Kathleen, a manager, is attempting to determine whether she has both the capability and the resources to produce one of several possible new products. In the context of decision making, on which of the following criteria of alternative courses of action is Kathleen focusing?
C. Groupthink
The marketing managers of Rudolf Ltd., strive so hard to agree on an important decision to launch a product that they ignore information that a similar product already exists in the market and that the barriers to entry into the market are high. This refers to which of the following decision-making processes?
A. learning.
Managers can increase their ability to make nonprogrammed decisions that will allow them to adapt to, modify, and even drastically alter their task environments so that they can continually increase organizational performance through organizational:
A. personal mastery.
A. To create a learning organization, managers must empower employees and allow them to experiment, create, and explore what they want through developing a sense of:
B. mental models.
Adrian, a manager of the research and development team of an organization, challenges his subordinates to "think outside the box" to improve the way the unit does its work. Adrian is focusing on:
D. shared vision
A sales manager talks with his subordinates about the way they should treat customers. The sales manager is focusing on the __________________ aspect of creating a learning organization.
E. systems thinking
The idea that one level of learning affects other levels is part of the __________________ principle of creating a learning organization.
D. Nominal group technique
In a meeting, after hearing a member describe a problem to be addressed, all other members of the group first wrote down ideas and solutions. After this, everyone shared those suggestions without criticism. The group, one by one, clarified, critiqued, and then discussed the alternatives in the sequence in which they were first proposed. Finally, each member ranked all the alternatives, and the highest-ranking alternative was chosen. Which of the following decision-making techniques is being implemented?
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