When a stimulus follows a particular response and increases the probability that the response will occur again?

learning   A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience.

behaviorism   A theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behaviors, discounting the importance of such mental activity as thinking, wishing, and hoping.
associative learning   Learning that occurs when we make a connection, or an association, between two events.
observational learning   Learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior.
classical conditioning   Learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)   A stimulus that produces a response without prior learning.
unconditioned response (UCR)   An unlearned reaction that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.
conditioned stimulus (CS)   A previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
conditioned response (CR)   The learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus pairing.
acquisition   The initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired.
generalization (in classical conditioning)   The tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response.
discrimination (in classical conditioning)   The process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.
extinction (in classical conditioning)   The weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.
spontaneous recovery   The process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, without further conditioning.
renewal   The recovery of the conditioned response when the organism is placed in a novel context.
counterconditioning   A classical conditioning procedure for changing the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and its conditioned response.
aversive conditioning   A form of treatment that consists of repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.
habituation   Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
operant conditioning   Also called instrumental conditioning, a form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence.
law of effect   Thorndike's law stating that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and that behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.
shaping   Rewarding approximations of a desired behavior.
reinforcement   The process by which a rewarding stimulus or event (a reinforcer) following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again.
positive reinforcement   An increase in the frequency of a behavior in response to the subsequent presentation of something that is good.
negative reinforcement   An increase in the frequency of a behavior in response to the subsequent removal of something that is unpleasant.
avoidance learning   An organism's learning that it can altogether avoid a negative stimulus by making a particular response.
learned helplessness   An organism's learning through experience with unavoidable negative stimuli that it has no control over negative outcomes.
primary reinforcer   A reinforcer that is innately satisfying; one that does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.
secondary reinforcer   A reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's experience; a secondary reinforcer is a learned or conditioned reinforcer.
generalization (in operant conditioning)   Performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation.
discrimination (in operant conditioning)   Responding appropriately to stimuli that signal that a behavior will or will not be reinforced.
extinction (in operant conditioning)   Decreases in the frequency of a behavior when the behavior is no longer reinforced.
schedules of reinforcement   Specific patterns that determine when a behavior will be reinforced.
punishment   A consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.
positive punishment   The presentation of an unpleasant stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior.
negative punishment   The removal of a positive stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior.
applied behavior analysis   Also called behavior modification, the use of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior.
latent learning   Also called implicit learning, unreinforced learning that is not immediately reflected in behavior.
insight learning   A form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden insight into or understanding of a problem's solution.
instinctive drift   The tendency of animals to revert to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning.
preparedness   The species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

When a stimulus follows a particular response and increases the probability that the response will occur again what has occurred?

Which of the following will increase the probability of a particular response?

What is a stimulus that follows a response?

When a response causes more of a response is occurring?