A hypothesis is best defined as a:
a. behavior, event, or other characteristic that can assume different values.
b. broad, general explanation of the phenomenon of interest.
c. specification of a variable in terms of the procedures that will be used to measure it.
d. prediction stated in a way that allows it to be
tested.
d. prediction stated in a way that allows it to be tested.
In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists:
a. rely on the study of internal medicine.
b. use their intuition.
c. use speculation.
d. rely on the scientific method.
d. rely on the scientific method.
The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.
a. -1.0 to 1.0
b. -10 to 10
c. 1 to 10
d. 0 to 1
The formal beginning of psychology is associated with:
a. Descartes.
b. Ebbinghaus.
c. James.
d. Wundt.
_____ is an early approach to psychology developed by Wundt and Tichner that concentrated on the
parts of the mind and what components make up the physical properties of it.
a. Introspection
b. Structuralism
c. Gestault psychology
d. Functionalism
Irving has noticed a pattern: The more alcohol people drink, the more aggressive they seem to be. Which research method is aimed at verifying a relationship between two variables?
a. Correlational research
b. Case study
c. Archival
research
d. Naturalistic observation
a. Correlational research
The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by carrying out a ____
a. experiment
b. survey
c. correlational research
d. survey research
Psychology is defined as the:
a. study of mental disorders and their treatment.
b. speculative method to find answers about human cognition.
c. intuition-based approach to study human behavior.
d. scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
d. scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
_____ are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest that go beyond
testable ideas.
a. Suppositions
b. Theories
c. Hypotheses
d. Operational definitions
William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interaction and the purpose of thoughts. His view was eventually named :
a. functionalism
b. psychoanalysis
c. structuralism
d. behaviorism
Which of the following perspectives of psychology
emphasizes observable responses?
a. Psychodynamic
b. Behavioral
c. Cognitive
d. Neuroscience
_____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language.
a. Personality
b. Clinical
c. Developmental
d. Cognitive
"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more
likely to be repeated." This is the Law of ________:
a. reward.
b. effect.
c. reinforcement.
d. consequences.
Classical conditioning applies mostly to _____. Operant conditioning applies mainly to _____.
a. voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior
b. involuntary response; involuntary behavior
c. involuntary behavior; voluntary behavior
d. involuntary behavior; biological
behavior
c. involuntary behavior; voluntary behavior
Learning by watching the behavior of another person, or model is known as _____.
a. tangential learning
b. observational learning
c. perceptual learning
d. latent learning
b. observational learning
A _____ is any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again.
a. stimulant
b. rejoinder
c. catalyst
d. reinforcer
_____ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.
a. Classical conditioning
b. Instrumental conditioning
c. Observational learning
d.
Operant conditioning
The return of an extinct conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning is known as _____.
a. deconditioning
b. spontaneous recovery
c. habituation
d. extinction
_____ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Normative reinforcement
c. Negative punishment
d. Positive punishment
Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as _____ learning.
a. latent
b. tangential
c. spatial
d. perceptual
_____ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a
stimulus that naturally brings about that response.
a. Operant conditioning
b. Instrumental conditioning
c. Observational learning
d. Classical conditioning
d. Classical conditioning
Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.
a. maturation
b. growth
c. learning
d. cognition
A _____ reinforcer refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, putting on a sweater when your cold for example, which leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.
a. negative
b. neutral
c. secondary
d. unconditioned
In Pavlov's study, the UCS was _____; the neutral stimulus was _____;
and, finally, the CS was _____.
a. meat; meat; the bell
b. meat; the bell; the bell
c. meat; the bell; meat
d. the bell; meat; meat
b. meat; the bell; the bell
Dennis is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far have not received good grades, and in several instances his
friends have made fun of his work. Based on Erikson's theory, Derwood is most likely to develop ___________. (Opposite of industry)
a. a sense of stagnation.
b. feelings of inferiority.
c. a sense of pride.
d. a sense of independence.
b. feelings of inferiority.
Joan's mom and dad believe that parents know best. They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without
uttering a word, and they are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not comply. In Baumrind's terms, Joan's parents are:
a. uninvolved.
b. authoritarian.
c. authoritative.
d. permissive.
According to Erikson, the first stage of a child's psychosocial development is the _____ stage.
a. id-versus-ego
b. trust-versus-mistrust
c. autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt
d. intimacy-versus-isolation
Denise is in her mid-40s; she is not married and is childless. Her job is routine and she feels as if she has not really done much to contribute to society's future. In Erikson's terms, Denise is in the _____ stage.
a. trust-versus-mistrust
b. generativity-versus-stagnation
c. autonomy-versus-shame
d. initiative-versus-guilt
b. generativity-versus-stagnation
_____ is the period at which maturation of the sexual organs occurs, beginning at about age 11 or 12 for girls and 13 or 14 for boys.
a. Puberty
b. Amenorrhea
c. Sensorimotor stage
d. Menopause
A child demonstrates that she understands the idea of object permanence seen when they were younger, but still fails to understand the concept of
conservation in older children. In the context of the Piagetian stages, she is most likely in the _____ stage.
a. formal operational
b. sensorimotor
c. concrete operational
d. preoperational
Frank's mom and dad believe in a combination of set rules, communication, and respect. They expect Frank to obey all parental rules but are willing to discuss both the rules and Frank's arguments that they should be amended or changed. In
Baumrind's terms, Joan's parents are:
a. authoritative.
b. uninvolved.
c. authoritarian.
d. permissive.
The first two weeks of a pregnancy, from conception to implantation, are known as the _____ period.
a. embryonic
b. germinal
c. critical
d. fetal
During the sensorimotor period:
a. understanding is based mainly on
basic sensory and motor abilities.
b. children begin to understand reversibility.
c. individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions.
d. mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world.
a. understanding is based mainly on basic sensory and motor abilities.
In the context of the experiments conducted by Mary Ainsworth, the
_____ attachment style describes an infant who is always mildly disturbed at his mother's departure in the strange situation, but who is easily soothed on her return and who is willing to explore but tends to touch base a lot.
a. secure
b. ambivalent
c. avoidant
d. disorganized
Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, from
birth through adolescence?
a. sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational
b. sensorimotor concrete operational preoperational formal operational
c. nonoperational preoperational operational postoperational
d. preoperational concrete operational preoperational formal operational
a. sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational
_____ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.
a. Polymorphism
b. Attachment
c. Habituation
d. Maturation
According to Jung, _____ are universal symbolic representations of a particular person, object, or experience (such as good and evil).
a. prototypes
b. subtypes
c. archetypes
d. stereotypes
One of the best examples of a self-report measure, and one of the most frequently used personality tests within the field of psychology, is the:
a. NEO-PI-R.
b. 16 PF.
c. TAT.
d. MMPI-2.
The _____ contains material that is not threatening and is easily brought to mind, such as the answer to this question and the knowledge that 2 + 2 = 4.
a. conscious
b. semi-conscious
c. subconscious
d. preconscious
One of the main proponents of the social cognitive approach to personality is:
a. Allport.
b. Cattell.
c. Bandura.
d. Skinner.
_____ refers to the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person.
a. Personality
b. Cognition
c. Maturation
d. Development
Pearl is kind, cooperative, appreciative, and sympathetic. Ruby is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and sociable. Pearl probably scores high on the Big Five dimension of _____, whereas Ruby likely scores high on _____.
a. agreeableness; extraversion
b. openness; agreeableness
c. extraversion; openness
d. eagerness; cheerfulness
a. agreeableness; extraversion
Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality dimensions?
a. Openness
b. Psychoticism
c. Extraversion
d. Neuroticism
Freud and Psychodynamic theorists view personality as being heavily influenced by the unconscious mind and _________________.
a. Social Interactions
b. Pleasure
c. Fixations
d. Childhood Experiences
Humanistic psychologists suggests that people are consciously motivated to reach their maximum potential, each in a unique way; that is, people have a fundamental drive toward self-:
a. actualization.
b. esteem.
c. efficacy.
d. regulation.
_____ is often considered the first feminist psychologist, she challenged Freud on the concept of penis envy.
a. Bertha Pappenheim
b. Mary Calkins
c. Anna Freud
d. Karen Horney
Mrs. Linley is a middle school math teacher. She provides constant, consistent feedback on her students' math assignments. She wants her students to have faith in their abilities to produce positive outcomes. Mrs. Linley is trying to develop her students' self- _______________:
a. regulation.
b. actualization.
c. awareness.
d. efficacy.
In order to
protect herself from experiencing anxiety, Nancy is attributing her own unacceptable aggressive impulses to another individual using projection. Nancy is using a:
a. fixation process.
b. self-actualization principle.
c. defense mechanism.
d. preconscious process.
The approach used by psychologists to systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of
interest is called:
a. the scientific method.
b. the informed speculation method.
c. the trial and error method.
d. the educated guessing method
a. the scientific method.
Dennis is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far have not received good grades, and in several
instances his friends have made fun of his work. Based on Erikson's theory, Dennis is most likely to develop ___________. (Opposite of industry)
a. a sense of independence.
b. a sense of pride.
c. feelings of inferiority.
d. a sense of stagnation.
c. feelings of inferiority.
Classical conditioning applies mostly to _____. Operant
conditioning applies mainly to _____.
a. involuntary behavior; biological behavior
b. involuntary behavior; voluntary behavior
c. involuntary response; involuntary behavior
d. voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior
b. involuntary behavior; voluntary behavior
If Professor Milton wants to examine the relationship between brain damage and intelligence levels, she
will have to conduct a ________ study.
a. correlational
b. experimental
c. operational
d. observational
The longest part of a pregnancy, from the 8th week through to birth, is the _____ period.
a. zygotic
b. germinal
c. embryonic
d. fetal
The _____ is the raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by
primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses.
a. conscience
b. id
c. ego
d. superego
_____ approaches to personality are approaches that assume that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness and over which they have no control.
a. Psychodynamic
b. Humanistic
c. Behavioral
d. Evolutionary
Dave is emotional, nervous, and anxious all the time. His roommate Phillip is neat, punctual, and careful of his own belongings. Dave probably scores high on the Big Five dimension of _____, whereas Phillip likely scores high on _____.
a. neuroticism; conscientiousness
b. agreeableness; extraversion
c. neuroticism; agreeableness
d. extraversion; openness
a. neuroticism; conscientiousness
Which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which Freud's personality structures develop during infancy and childhood, from first to last?
a. Superego ego id
b. Id superego ego
c. Superego id ego
d. Id ego superego
Sliegman, before moving on to found the field of Positive Psychology, preformed early research on classical conditioning.
In this research he found what phenomenon in dogs, where instead of avoiding shocks, they would give up.
a. Major Depression
b. Apathy
c. Spontaneous Recovery
d. Learned Helplessness
Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq. He suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in a quiet California neighborhood, he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are best thought of
as _____ stimuli.
a. normative
b. unconditioned
c. neutral
d. conditioned
The TAT and the Rorschach are _____ tests of personality.
a. reflective
b. projective
c. objective
d. self-report
According to Erikson, the first stage of a child's psychosocial development is the _____ stage.
a. intimacy-versus-isolation
b. id-versus-ego
c.
autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt
d. trust-versus-mistrust
In an experiment, the _____ variable is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.
a. experimental
b. dependent
c. independent
d. control
Kohler, while working with chimpanzees, noted what cognitive function of learning as the apes engaged in problem solving tasks?
a. Latent Learning
b. Cognition
c.
Insight
d. Introspection
A teratogen is:
a. an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect.
b. a genetic or chromosomal abnormality that may produce a developmental disorder.
c. any physical defect in an unborn child.
d. a fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division.
a. an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect.
The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on:
a. natural selection.
b. environmental determinism.
c. free will.
d. unconscious motives.
Jacques is thirteen years old. On Monday, Jacques announces to his parents that he wants to be called "Jack." On Wednesday, he says he wants to drop out of school. On Friday, he says he
wants to get a tattoo and become an architect. In Erikson's terms, Jacques is most likely experiencing the _____ crisis.
a. initiative-versus-guilt
b. identity-versus-role-confusion
c. autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt
d. generativity-versus-stagnation
b. identity-versus-role-confusion
In order to protect herself from experiencing anxiety, Nancy is attributing her
own unacceptable aggressive impulses to another individual using projection. Nancy is using a:
a. preconscious process.
b. self-actualization principle.
c. fixation process.
d. defense mechanism.
According to Piaget, when an infant recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer in sight, the infant has understood the principle of:
a. reversibility.
b. conservation.
c. formal operations.
d. object permanence.
The formal beginning of psychology is associated with:
a. James.
b. Descartes.
c. Ebbinghaus.
d. Wundt.
"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the Law of ________:
a. reward.
b. consequences.
c. effect.
d. reinforcement.
Which of the following primarily studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life?
a. Parapsychology
b. Cytology
c. Developmental Psychology
d. Oncology
c. Developmental Psychology
A researcher tells a group of participants that as part of his experiment they are
going to receive "painful" electrical shocks. He tells a second group that they will receive "mild" electric shock. He asks participants in both groups whether they prefer to wait alone or with others while he sets up the shock machinery. What is the dependent variable?
a. participants' answer to the question
b. painful shocks
c. the shock machinery
d. mild shocks
a. participants' answer to the question
To many people who have never taken a psychology course, psychology begins and ends with which psychologist?
a. Jung
b. Wundt
c. Skinner
d. Freud
Which of the following researchers is not associated with early research on conditioning and behavioral psychology?
a. B.F. Skinner
b. Ivan Pavlov
c. Carl Rogers
d. Edward Thorndike
_____ refers to a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.
a. Incongruity
b. Dissonance
c. Schema
d. Conformity
The classic "shock" study of obedience to authority is associated with:
a. Stanley Milgram.
b. Philip Zimbardo.
c. Solomon Asch.
d. Leon Festinger.
An ad agency
creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car's safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on the _____ route to persuasion; the second, on the _____ route.
a. secondary; primary
b. central; peripheral
c. peripheral; central
d. primary; secondary
Which of the following is of interest to those who study social cognition?
a. how people select social information
b. how people interpret social information
c. how people remember social information
d. All of these.
Fallon has an idea of what politicians are like: They are often lawyers; they are smooth and communicate well; but they are not always honest. These characteristics are components of Fallon's _____ of politicians.
a. concept
b. image
c. propositional framework
d. schema
The bystander effect occurs because
a. we tend to look to the behavior of others for cues about what to do.
b. if no one else is helping, we assume help is not needed.
c. responsibility is diffused among witnesses.
d. All of these.
Which of the following behaviors is an example of aggression?
a. Billy kicks Shana in the shin.
b. Sally accidently hits Franco when she
raises her hand.
c. Hillary calls Minnie a bad name.
d. Both A and C are examples of aggression.
d. Both A and C are examples of aggression.
Social psychologist Leon Festinger is associated with the study of:
a. routes to persuasion.
b. obedience.
c. conformity.
d. cognitive dissonance.
Chuck just met
Elle, a new Harvard law school student. Although Elle is very intelligent, she looks more like a blonde beauty queen than a law school student. Chuck thinks that someone as beautiful as Elle is much less likely to do well in school. Chuck's views about beautiful blondes are an example of a
a. attribution.
b. false consensus.
c. negative illusion.
d. stereotype.
Discrimination refers to:
a.
a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members.
b. consideration of individuals for their personal qualities and not their membership in a group.
c. behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
d. a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members.
c. behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
_____ is the process by which groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally.
a. Altruism
b. Central interaction
c. Social influence
d. Diffusion of responsibility
Psychologists have found that prejudice and discrimination may be reduced by:
a.
educating people about other groups.
b. encouraging stereotype vulnerability.
c. making values and norms against prejudice less conspicuous.
d. decreasing contact among ingroup and outgroup members.
a. educating people about other groups.
Is homosexuality a psychological disorder, one that can be treated through the use of scientific
validated therapy?
a. No, homosexuality was ruled to not meet the criteria for a psychological illness in 1973
b. No, all research and every major medical and psychological organization has spoken out against the harm that can be caused by the "therapies" used to "treat" homosexuality
c. No, there is no scientific evidence to support a treatment and the APA and AMA has stated that attempting to "cure" homosexuality can lead to higher rates of depression, anxiety, and other
psychological illness
d. All of the above are true
d. All of the above are true
Individuals who identify as _____ are people who believe they were born with the body of the other gender; this comes with a general feeling of being uncomfortable with not only their biological sex but the social gender roles placed upon them.
a. Homosexual
b. Hermaphrodite
c.
Transgendered
d. Intersex people
Persons who are sexually attracted to members of their own sex are referred to as being _____.
a. homosexual
b. transsexual
c. heterosexual
d. asexual
One in _____ women report sexual harassment in the workplace.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 4
________ refers to the physical
properties of a person that determine his or her classification as male or female.
a. Sex
b. Sexual orientation
c. Gender
d. Identity
Barry, the head of a finance organization, employed Abby due to her physical appearance and made sure she was assigned only simple tasks. However, this weakened Abby's real ability to perform at work even though Barry felt he was doing her a favor. This exemplifies _____ sexism.
a.
malevolent
b. beneficent
c. benevolent
d. benign
The social learning approach argues that gender differences in thought and behavior reflect the influence of:
a. our parents.
b. religion.
c. race/ethnicity.
d. income.
Homosexuality is found in over 1500 species across the globe, including mammals, birds, and even insects.
a. False
b. True
On average, in the United States, a woman earns about _____ for every dollar that a man earns.
a. $0.95
b. $0.80
c. $0.50
d. $1.10
Societal gender _____ include the set of expectations regarding the appropriate behavior of men, on the one hand, and women, on the other.
a. schemas
b. roles
c. scripts
d. stereotypes
________
refers to the social and psychological aspects of being male or female.
a. Sex
b. Sexual orientation
c. Gender
d. Sexuality
Which of the following conclusions is probably most reasonable regarding gender differences in cognition?
a. Gender differences in cognition are large and pervasive.
b. Gender differences in cognition aren't real; they are just stereotypes.
c. Gender
differences in cognition are nonexistent.
d. Gender differences in cognition are minimal at best, we are more alike than different.
d. Gender differences in cognition are minimal at best, we are more alike than different.
According to a massive study done on the prevalence of psychological disorders in the United States, which of the following is the most common SINGLE
disorder reported?
a. Depression
b. Posttraumatic stress disorder
c. Panic disorder
d. Alcohol dependence
Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations are referred to as:
a. obsessions.
b. manias.
c. phobias.
d. compulsions.
_____ is a disorder in which a person displays characteristics of two or more
distinct personalities.
a. Cyclothymic disorder
b. Dissociative identity disorder
c. Bipolar disorder
d. Conversion disorder
b. Dissociative identity disorder
According to the sociocultural perspective on psychological disorders, which of the following factors is viewed as a possible cause of abnormal behavior?
a. Maladaptive thoughts
b. Genetic mutation
c. Chemical deficiency
d. Poverty
Where do psychological professionals get information on the criteria for the diagnosis of psychological disorders?
a. Scholarly Articles
b. the Internet
c. DSM-V
d. Conferences and Meetings
Mood disorder refers to:
a. a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and assumes a new
identity.
b. disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.
c. actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ.
d. actual loss of information from memory that typically results from a physiological cause.
b. disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.
Which
of the following neurotransmitters plays a major role in depression?
a. Serotonin
b. Morphine
c. Endorphins
d. Acetylcholine
Posttraumatic stress disorder is classified as:
a. an anxiety disorder.
b. a dissociative disorder
c. a type of amnesia.
d. a type of somatoform disorder.
The feeling of apprehension and tension experienced in reaction to stressful
situations is referred to as:
a. dyslexia.
b. mania.
c. anxiety.
d. paralysis.
Carrie is dramatic and emotionally volatile. She rapidly forms intense relationships that seem to fall apart just as quickly. Although she tends to distrust others, she also needs their attention to define her. Carrie is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
a. narcissistic personality disorder
b.
bipolar personality disorder
c. borderline personality disorder
d. antisocial personality disorder
b. bipolar personality disorder
Psychological difficulties that take on a physical form but for which there is no medical cause are called _____.
a. chromosomal disorders
b. genetic disorders
c. somatoform disorders
d. cognitive disorders
_____ is a situation in which a significant number of people experience simultaneous multiple disorders.
a. Anorexia nervosa
b. Hoarding behavior
c. Disruptive mood dysregulation
d. Comorbidity
According to the text, the effectiveness of various approaches to therapy found that although success rates vary somewhat by treatment form, most treatments show that success rates range from
about _____% greater success for treated compared with untreated individuals.
a. 90-95
b. 25-30
c. 75-80
d. 15-20
_____ is a behavioral technique in which gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety.
a. Systematic desensitization
b. Exposure treatment
c. Manifest structuring
d. Aversive conditioning
a. Systematic desensitization
_____ was a therapy type developed by Freud in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior.
a. Meta-analysis
b. Transactional analysis
c. Microarray analysis
d. Psychoanalysis
_____ therapy is therapy
in which the underlying rationale is that people have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems.
a. Psychodynamic
b. Cognitive
c. Behavioral
d. Humanistic
_____ is a form of Cognitive therapy that attempts to restructure a person's belief system into a more realistic, rational, and logical set of views by
challenging dysfunctional beliefs that maintain irrational behavior.
a. Dialectical behavior therapy
b. Rational-emotive behavior therapy
c. Prolonged exposure therapy
d. Multi-modal therapy
b. Rational-emotive behavior therapy
_____ treatment approaches make use of the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and
abnormal behavior are both learned.
a. Cognitive
b. Humanistic
c. Psychodynamic
d. Behavioral
How is Beck's cognitive therapy different from rational-emotive therapy?
a. It is relatively long-term and loosely structured.
b. It aims to change people's behavior, rather than their thought pattern.
c. It is less confrontational.
d. It entails a more confrontational therapist.
c. It is less confrontational.
Therapy that relies on drugs and other medical procedures to improve psychological functioning is referred to as _____
a. biomedical therapy
b. phototherapy
c. psychotherapy
d. physiotherapy
Today therapists use a _____ approach to therapy, which means they use a variety of methods
with an individual patient.
a. existential
b. behavioral
c. eclectic
d. psychoanalytical
_____ is treatment in which a trained professional— a therapist—uses psychological techniques to help someone overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, resolve problems in living, or bring about personal growth.
a. Psychotherapy
b. Physiotherapy
c. Biomedical therapy
d. Phototherapy
_____ therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively.
a. Humanistic
b. Behavioral
c. Psychodynamic
d. Cognitive
_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves,
challenging incorrect thoughts and ideas.
a. Humanistic
b. Cognitive
c. Behavioral
d. Psychodynamic
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an example of _____ therapy.
a. self-help
b. interpersonal
c. person-centered
d. client-centered
Which of the following disorders is considered the most diagnosed GROUP of disorders:
a. Mood Disorders
b. Anxiety Disorders
c. Schizoaffective Disorders
d. Somatoform Disorders
Sam washes his hands very frequently. In spite of this he feels that his hands are not clean and that he might acquire a viral disease due to poor hygiene. Given this information, we can conclude that Sam has:
a. bipolar disorder.
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. dyskinesia.
d. cyclothymic disorder.
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Individuals who identify as _____ are people who believe they were born with the body of the other gender; this comes with a general feeling of being uncomfortable with not only their biological sex but the social gender roles placed upon them.
a. Hermaphrodite
b. Transgendered
c. Homosexual
d. Intersex people
Societal gender _____ include the set of expectations regarding the appropriate behavior of men, on the one hand, and women, on the other.
a. stereotypes
b. schemas
c. roles
d. scripts
Approximately _____ of the participants in Milgram's experiment were willing to deliver the maximum shock level to the participant.
a. 90%
b. 65%
c. 35%
d. 50%
________ is an important element of altruism.
a. Sympathy
b. Empathy
c. All of these.
d. Selfishness
Social phobia is the fear of being:
a. sexually abused.
b. attacked by a clown.
c. judged or embarrassed by others.
d. suffocated in confined spaces.
c. judged or embarrassed by others.
The behavioral perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are:
a. hormonal imbalances.
b. learned responses.
c. genetic anomalies.
d. chemical deficiencies.
Person-centered therapy is a specific type of _____ therapy.
a. behavioral
b. psychodynamic
c. humanistic
d. cognitive
The influential "prison" study of the power of social roles was conducted by:
a. Stanley Milgram.
b. Solomon Asch.
c. Leon Festinger.
d. Philip Zimbardo.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition removes the outdated term "mental retardation" with:
a. gender dysphoria.
b. neurocognitive disorder.
c. intellectual disability.
d.
conversion disorder.
c. intellectual disability.
_____ refers to a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.
a. Conformity
b. Schema
c. Incongruity
d. Dissonance
No greater change has occurred in mental hospitals than the successful
introduction of _______ drugs.
a. anti-depressant
b. anti-psychotic
c. anti-inflammatory
d. anti-anxiety
Barry, the head of a finance organization, employed Abby due to her physical appearance and made sure she was assigned only simple tasks. However, this weakened Abby's real ability to perform at work even though Barry felt he was doing her a favor. This exemplifies _____ sexism.
a. benevolent
b. malevolent
c.
beneficent
d. benign
Dahlia is trying to make partner at one of the city's most prestigious law firms. It is generally understood that associates remain hard at work in the office until at least 7 or 8 each evening. This is an element of the firm's rules or what Social Psychologists would call group _________.
a. schemas.
b. norms.
c. roles.
d. attitudes.
_____ refers
to a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members solely because o their membership in that group.
a. Prejudice
b. Diffusion of responsibility
c. Reciprocity-of-liking effect
d. Discrimination
_____ refers to behavior considered abnormal if it:
a. is considered deviant within their society
b. all of the above must be present
c. is maladaptive to
themselves or others
d. produces distress within the individual
b. all of the above must be present
The cognitive perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are the result of:
a. genetic mutations.
b. hormonal imbalances.
c. vitamin deficiency.
d. maladaptive thoughts.
Patients
diagnosed with _____ account for by far the largest percentage of those hospitalized with psychological disorders.
a. major depression
b. schizophrenia
c. dissociative disorders
d. anxiety disorders
"Drinking may be harmful to my health, but I'll die having a good time." This statement illustrates an attempt to reduce
a. self-objectification.
b. the exposure effect.
c. social contagion.
d. cognitive
dissonance.
Which of the following conclusions is probably most reasonable regarding gender differences in cognition?
a. Gender differences in cognition are large and pervasive.
b. Gender differences in cognition are minimal at best, we are more alike than different.
c. Gender differences in cognition aren't real; they are just stereotypes.
d. Gender differences in cognition are
nonexistent.
b. Gender differences in cognition are minimal at best, we are more alike than different.
________ refers to the social and psychological aspects of being male or female.
a. Sexuality
b. Sexual orientation
c. Gender
d. Sex
The main focus of family and couples
therapy is to:
a. complain and address the problems everyone has with one another
b. open up lines of communication
c. save cost compared to one on one therapy
d. uncover the individual most at fault
b. open up lines of communication
________ refers to the physical properties of a person that determine his or her classification as male or female.
a. Identity
b. Gender
c. Sexual orientation
d. Sex
What approach to treatment incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think?
Term Psychodynamic therapy | Definition Therapy that seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses |
Term Cognitive-behavioral approach | Definition A treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think. |