What neurotransmitters are involved in contraction of skeletal muscles quizlet?

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Terms in this set (92)

Voluntary muscle tissue is;
A) skeletal muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) dense regular
D) dense irregular
E) smooth muscle

skeletal muscle

Endomysium covers:
A) fascicles of muscle cells
B) an entire muscle
C) an individual muscle cell
D) smooth muscle only
E) myofibrils

an individual muscle cell

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the:
A) myofilament
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) sarcolemma
D) sarcomere
E) sarcoplasm

sarcolemma

Smooth muscle cells are:
A) multinucleate
B) cylindrical
C) branched
D) involuntary
E) striated

involuntary

Which type of muscle tissue responds the fastest to stimulations to contract:
A) smooth
B) tendons
C) cardiac
D) visceral
E) skeletal

skeletal

Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system: A) generation of heat
B) production of movement
C) hematopoiesis
D) maintenance of posture
E) stabilization of joints

hematopoiesis

A sarcomere is:
A) the contractile unit between two Z discs
B) the wavy lines on the cell, as seen in a microscope
C) the area between two intercalated discs
D) a compartment in a myofilament
E) the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle

the contractile unit between two Z discs

Which one of the following is composed of myosin protein:
A) Z discs
B) thin filaments
C) thick filaments
D) light bands
E) all myofilaments

thick filaments

Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order from largest to smallest:
1. fascicle
2. myofilament
3. muscle fiber (cell)
4. myofibril
5. sarcomere
A) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
B) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
C) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1
D) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
E) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2

1, 3, 4, 5, 2

The light and dark banding pattern send in striated muscle, like skeletal muscle, originate from:
A) alternating light and dark bands
B) organization of M lines, H zones, and Z discs
C) repetitive Z discs
D) presence of H zones and Z discs
E) layers of thick and thin filaments

alternating light and dark bands

Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction:
A) calcium binds to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their
position on the thick filaments
B) calcium releases the inhibition on Z discs
C) calcium causes ATP binding to actin
D) calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin
E) calcium increases the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma

calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin

The mechanical force of contraction is generated by:
A) shortening of the thin filaments
B) the "accordian-like" folding of thin and thick filaments
C) the temporary disappearance of thin filaments
D) shortening of the thick filaments
E) a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones

a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones

Acetylcholine is:
A) an oxygen-binding protein
B) a component of thick myofilaments
C) a source of energy for muscle contraction
D) a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
E) an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane

a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle

The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the:
A) motor unit
B) synaptic cleft
C) neuromuscular junction
D) cross bridge
E) sarcomere

synaptic cleft

Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the:
A) sarcolemma of the muscle cell
B) motor unit
C) axon terminals of the motor neuron
D) thick filaments
E) myofibrils

axon terminals of the motor neuron

An elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that function in calcium storage is the:
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) sarcolemma
C) mitochondria
D) myofibrillar network
E) intermediate filament network

sarcoplasmic reticulum

During skeletal muscle contraction, myosin heads attach to active sites of:
A) the H zone
B) myosin filaments
C) thick filaments
D) actin filaments
E) Z discs

actin filaments

Which of the following can actually shorten during a muscle contraction:
A) sarcomeres
B) A bands
C) myofilaments
D) actin filaments
E) myosin filaments

sarcomeres

A single, brief, jerky muscle contraction is termed:
A) anaerobic
B) isotonic
C) tetanus
D) twitch
E) isometric

twitch

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract:
A) acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down acetylcholine (ACh)
B) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
C) operation of the sodium-potassium pump
D) sodium ions rush into the cell
E) acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium

acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium

A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that:
A) the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous
B) the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response
C) the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and "jerky"
D) the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups
E) the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli

the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous

Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by:
A) forming a chemical compound with actin
B) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed
C) inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
D) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
E) storing energy that will be transferred to ATP to resynthesize ADP as needed

storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed

The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by:
A) insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption
B) inadequate numbers of mitochondria
C) the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback regulation of synthesis
D) the all-or-none law
E) a total lack of ATP

insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption

Isometric contractions produce:
A) contractions and shortening, but not movement
B) contractions
C) movement
D) contractions and movement, but not shortening
E) muscle shortening

contractions

Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without:
A) lactic acid
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) glucose
E) ATP

oxygen

Which of these pathways is the fastest way to regenerate ATP during muscle activity:
A) anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) aerobic respiration
D) direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
E) both aerobic respiration and anaerobic glycolysis

direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate

The movement opposite to abduction is:
A) flexion
B) supination
C) circumduction
D) rotation
E) addution

adduction

Which of the following muscles closes the jaw:
A) buccinator
B) frontalis
C) sternocleidomastoid
D) zygomaticus
E) both masseter and temporalis

both masseter and temporalis

Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is NOT involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers:
A) extensor digitorum longus
B) extensor digitorum
C) flexor carpi ulnaris
D) extensor carpi radialis
E) flexor carpi radialis

extensor digitorum longus

Which of these muscles is NOT located in the head:
A) sartorius
B) orbicularis oculi
C) frontalis
D) buccinator
E) zygomaticus

sartorious

Which one of the following does NOT compress the abdomen:
A) internal oblique
B) rectus abdominis
C) latissimus dorsi
D) transversus abdominis
E) external oblique

latissimus dorsi

A muscle located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body is the: A) gluteus medius
B) occipitalis
C) pectoralis major
D) latissimus dorsi
E) gastrocnemius

pectoralis major

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the:
A) temporalis
B) platysma
C) zygomaticus
D) masseter
E) buccinator

buccinator

What is the main function of the quadriceps femoris group:
A) hand supination
B) thigh abduction
C) foot inversion
D) knee extension
E) arm flexion

knee extension

A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n):
A) antagonist and synergist
B) antagonist only
C) fixator only
D) synergist only
E) antagonist and fixator

synergist only

Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in dorsiflexion and/or plantar flexion of the foot: A) tibialis anterior
B) gastrocnemius
C) iliopsoas
D) soleus
E) extensor digitorum longus

iliopsoas

Which one of the following is the action of the orbicularis oris:
A) pulls the lower lip down and back
B) draws the eyebrows together C) closes the jaw
D) allows blinking, squinting, and various other protective mechanisms for the eye
E) closes, purses, and protrudes the lips

closes, purses, and protrudes the lips

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the hip:
A) gastrocnemius
B) biceps femoris
C) tibialis anterior
D) iliopsoas
E) sartorius

iliopsoas

Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint:
A) triceps brachii
B) deltoid
C) latissimus dorsi
D) pectoralis major
E) biceps brachii

deltoid

What is the origin of the deltoid muscle:
A) proximal radius
B) olecranon process of ulna
C) distal humerus
D) proximal humerus
E) scapular spine and clavicle

scapular spine and clavicle

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called:
A) abduction
B) adduction
C) circumduction
D) flexion
E) extension

abduction

Which of the following muscles are antagonists:
A) gastrocnemius and soleus
B) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis
C) biceps brachii and triceps brachii
D) bicpes femoris and biceps brachii
E) masseter and temporalis

biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Which congenital muscle disease results from the degeneration and atrophy of muscles:
A) multiple sclerosis
B) scoliosis
C) spina bifida
D) myasthenia gravis
E) muscular dystrophy

muscular dystrophy

Which one of the following is NOT a criteria generally used in naming muscles:
A) relative size of the muscle
B) number of origins of the muscle C) action of the muscle
D) method of attachment of the muscle to bone
E) shape of the muscle

method of attachment of the muscle to bone

T/F
Cardiac and smooth muscle both have striations.

False

T/F
All types of muscle have endomysium covering individual muscle cells.

True

T/F
Smooth muscles activity generates heat to help maintain body temperature.

False

T/F
The striations seen in skeletal muscle are actually alternating A and I bands.

True

T/F
The sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps like a sleeve around the myofibril and stores and releases calcium.

True

T/F
Cardiac muscle fibers are relatively short, tapering cells within a single centrally located nucleus.

False

T/F
The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine.

True

T/F
Thick filaments are made of a protein called actin.

False

T/F
Aerobic respiration requires the use of oxygen to generate ATP.

True

T/F
Oxygen debt promotes lactic acid accumulation on muscles from anaerobic cellular respiration.

True

T/F
A sustained partial contraction of skeletal muscle is called muscle tone.

True

T/F
An aponeurosis is a ropelike piece of muscle fascia that forms indirect connections to muscles of the leg.

False

T/F
A muscle twitch results when the muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen.

False

T/F
The effect of the neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to temporarily modify its permeability of ions such as Na+ and K+.

True

T/F
When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands diminish in size, the H zones disappear, and the A bands move closer together but do not diminish in length.

True

T/F
Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis all cause arm flexion at the elbow joint.

True

T/F
The deltoid is a prime mover of arm adduction

False

T/F
The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall is the transversus abdominis.

True

T/F
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are synergistic actions.

False

T/F
Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle.

False

T/F
The hamstring group inserts into the distal tibia.

False

T/F
Muscle development in babies occurs in a cephalic/caudal direction.

True

T/F
Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.

False

voluntary muscle tissue

cardiac

muscle tissue found only in the heart

cardiac

Muscle tissue that forms valves to regulate the passage of substances through internal body openings

smooth

Muscle tissue that is multinucleate

skeletal

Muscle tissue composed of branching cells and intercalated discs

cardiac

Muscle tissue that activates arrector pili muscles which stand hairs on end

smooth

Performs very slow, sometimes rhythmic, contractions

smooth

Muscle tissue that maintains posture, body position, and stabilizes joints

skeletal

Chemical that serves as the actual "go" signal for muscle contraction

calcium ions

Neurotransmitter substance released at motor end plates by the motor neuron

acetylchlorine

Chemical stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

calcium ions

A metabolic pathway that produces water, carbon dioxide, and ATP, and provides for a large amount of ATP per glucose because oxygen is used

aerobic respiration

A reserve, high-energy compound used to convert ADP to ATP by the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group

creatine phosphate

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (ACh)

acetylcholinesterase

Type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint

flexion

Type of movement that results when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly

supination

The movement of a limb toward the body midline

adduction

Type of movement that increases the angle of the joint

extension

The movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

rotation

The movement of a limb away from the body midline

abduction

Type of movement that results when the forearm rotates medially so the palm faces posteriorly

pronation

Primary action of the deltoid

abduction

Primary action of the adductor muscles

adduction

Primary action of the erector spinae

extension

Primary action of the rectus abdominis

flexion

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