1) internet architecture board (IAB)-helps define internet structure
2) Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)-oversees IP addresses and domain names
3) Internet engineering steering group (IESG)-Helps set internet standards
4) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)- Oversees internet operations and growth
5) Internet Society (ISOC)- Monitors internet practices and policies
6) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)-sets internet programming standards
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Terms in this set (92)
4G (fourth generation)
Wireless phone network capable of delivering high-speed broadband Internet access to mobile devices.
4G mobile hotspot
A device that connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speeds.
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
A U.S. Department of Defense agency that created the first global computer network.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
A computer network, funded by ARPA, that served as the basis for early networking research and was the backbone during the development of the Internet.
backbone
The highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller b=networks typically connect.
bandwidth
The amount of information, sometimes called traffic, that can be carried on a network at one time. The total capacity of a line. Also, the rate of data transfer over a network connection; measured in bits per second.
client
An individual computer connected to a network. Also, a system or application (such as a Web browser or user agent) that requests a service from another computer (the server) and is used to access files or documents.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
A high-speed direct Internet connection that uses all-digital networks.
domain name
An IP address represented in words.
domain name server
A server that resolves domain names into IP addresses.
Domain Name System (DNS)
A system that maps uniquely hierarchical names to specific Internet addresses.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
An Internet protocol used to transfer files between computers; allows file transfer without corruption or alteration.
gateway
A node on a network that serves as a portal to other networks.
hexadecimal
A base-16 number system that allows large numbers to be displayed by fewer characters than if the number were displayed in the regular base-10 system. In hexadecimal, the number 10 is represented by the letter A, 15 is represented as F, and 16 is represented as 10.
host
A computer that other computers can use to gain information. In network architecture, a host is a client or workstation.
hypertext link
Highlighted or underlined text in a Webpage that, when clicked, links the user to another location or Webpage.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
The protocol for transporting HTML documents across the Internet.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
A communication standard for sending voice, video, or data over digital telephone lines.
Internet
A worldwide network of interconnected networks.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
The international organization responsible for allocation of IP addresses. Part of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
A protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. Similar to POP, but is more powerful. Allows sharing of mailboxes and multiple mail server access. The current version is IMAP4.
Internet Protocol (IP)
The data transmission standard for the Internet. Every computer connected to the Internet has its own IP address, which enables a packet of data to be delivered to a specific computer.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
An organization that maintains a gateway to the Internet and rents access to customers on a per-use or subscription basis.
local area network (LAN)
A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area.
modem
Abbreviation for modulator/demodulator. An analog device that enables computers to communicate over telephone lines by translating digital data into audio/ analog signals (on the sending computer) and then back into digital form (on the receiving computer).
National Science Foundation (NSF)
An independent agency of the U.S. government that promotes the advancement of science and engineering.
network
A group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate with one another.
network interface card (NIC)
A circuit board within a computer's central processing unit that serves as the interface enabling the computer to connect to a network.
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
The Internet protocol used by news servers that enables the exchange of newgroup (Usenet) articles.
newsgroup
On Usenet, a subject or other topical interest group whose members exchange ideas and opinions. Participants post and receive messages via a news server.
node
Any entity on a network that can be managed, such as a system, repeater, router, gateway, switch, or firewall. A computer or other addressable device attached to a network; a host.
packet
Data processed by protocols so it can be sent across a network.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
A protocol that allows a computer to connect to the Internet over a phone line.
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)
A protocol that implements PPP on top of the Ethernet architecture to connect an entire network to the Internet.
root-level server
A server at the highest level of the Domain Name System.
router
A device that routes packets between networks based on network-layer addresses; determines the best path across a network. Also used to connect separate LANs to form a WAN.
server
A computer in a network that manages the network resources and provides, or serves, information to clients.
shared domain
A hosting service that allows multiple entities to share portions of the same domain name.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
The Internet standard protocol for transferring email messages from one computer to another.
standard
A definition or format that has been approved by a recognized standards organization.
top-level domain
The group into which a domain is categorized, by common topic (company, educational institution) and/or geography (country, state).
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
A suite of protocols that turns data into blocks of information called packets, which are then sent across the Internet. The standard protocol used by the Internet.
Usenet (User Network)
A collection of thousands of Internet computers, newsgroups and newsgroup members using Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) to exchange infomation.
virtual domain
A hosting service that allows a company to host its domain name on a third-party ISP server.
Web browser
A software application that enables users to access and view Webpages on the Internet.
Webpage
An HTML document containing one or more elements (text, images, hyperlinks) that can be linked to or from other HTML pages.
Website
A World Wide Web server and its content; includes multiple Webpages.
wide area network (WAN)
A group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area so their users can share files and services.
wireless access point (AP)
A device that enables wireless systems to communicate with each other, provides that they are on the same network.
World Wide Web (WWW)
A set of software programs that enables users to access resources on the Internet via hypertext documents.
xDSL
Collectively, the variations of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), which include ADSL, RADSL, and HDSL.
fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
The complete domain name of an Internet computer, such as www.ucorp.biz
What is the main purpose of a file server?
To store shared data
What is Internet Protocol (IP)?
The protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet
Which device connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speeds?
4G mobile hotspot
Which of the following protocols can connect an entire network to the Internet?
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)
What is the term for a server at the highest level of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
Root-level server
Which of the following top-level domains would generally refer to an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
net
What enables dissimilar systems connected to the Internet to communicate with one another?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
What are fractional T and E lines?
Digital phone lines consisting of one or more individual T or E carrier channels, rather than the entire T or E carrier line
Which of the following is used solely to resolve human-readable domain names into their computer-readable IP addresses?
Domain name servers
Which of the following connection types provides the fastest direct connection speed?
Fiber-optic cable
What is a wide area network (WAN)?
Two or more local area networks (LANs) that span a wide geographic area
What type of server are you accessing when you download software programs and documents from Websites?
A File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server
In the client/server environment, what is the main function of client software?
It enables users to communicate with and request information from the server.
A device that converts digital data to analog signal and vice versa, is called a:
Modem
What is the primary function of a network server?
To act as a central repository of programs and data to which all users connected to the network have access
A LAN can be connected to the Internet by a router, provided that the LAN uses:
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
What is the name of the problem-solving model in which a task that cannot be performed by one person is outsourced to a large group or community in order to obtain and analyze large amounts of data?
crowdsourcing
In an IP address such as 192.241.187.8, the last number in the address (on the far right) identifies:
a specific computer
What is the term for a software application that enables users to access and view Web pages on the Internet?
Web browser
What is a dotted quad?
A series of numbers divided into four segments that identifies a unique resource on the Internet
What is the term for a collection of related HTML documents located on a host computer on the Internet?
Website
What is the term for a device that determines the best path for data to take across a network?
Router
Which server type provides text output that users can access at their convenience and also allows multi-person input?
News server
Direct Internet connections:
provide continuous access to the Internet through permanent network connections.
What is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS)?
The right-side component of a domain name, which categorizes domains into groups by common type or geography
Which of the following is a common advantage of cloud computing?
cost reduction
What function does the Domain Name System (DNS) perform?
It resolves IP addresses into easily recognizable text-based names.
What are T carriers?
Dedicated digital telephone lines used in North America
What happens when you click a hypertext link?
Another location in the same Webpage or another Webpage appears.
How are wide area networks (WANs) created?
By connecting LANs to one another via public carriers
Which of the following enabled private (i.e., commercial) business to be conducted over networks connected to NSFnet?
Private telecommunications companies
In the client/ server model:
the server is responsible for storing and providing information.
How many bits does the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address format use?
128
Which of the following describes cloud computing?
Hosted applications and services offered by a third party and run almost entirely from one or more servers that reside on the Internet.
What is a local area network (LAN)?
A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area.
Why might a Webpage appear differently in different browsers?
Each browser interprets HTML somewhat differently.
What are E carriers?
Dedicated digital telephone lines used in Europe
Which of the following wireless mode types uses a centralized access point known as a wireless access point (AP)?
Infrastructure
In computer terminology, what is a network?
A group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate, share resources and exchange information with one another
What is the Internet?
A worldwide network of interconnected networks
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