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Economists often use the ceteris paribus or "other things being equal" assumption: while examining the economic impact of one event, all other factors remain unchanged for the purpose of the analysis. Factors that can shift the demand curve for goods and services, causing different quantity to be demanded at any given price, include changes in tastes, population, income, prices of substitute or compliment goods, and expectations about future conditions and prices. Factors that can shift the supply curve for goods and services, causing a different quantity to be supplied at any given price include input prices, natural conditions, changes in technology, and government taxes, regulations or subsidies.
Recommended textbook solutionsKey Terms
Please review the following key terms. (4)(5)
Ceteris paribus — other things being equal.
Complements — goods that are often used together so that consumption of one good tends to enhance consumption of the other.
Demand curve — a graphic representation of the relationship between price and quantity demanded of a certain
good or service, with quantity on the horizontal axis and the price on the vertical axis.
Demand schedule — a table that shows a range of prices for a certain good or service and the quantity demanded at each price.
Demand — the relationship between price and the quantity demanded of a certain good or service.
Equilibrium price — the price where quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied.
Equilibrium quantity — the quantity at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal for a certain price level.
Equilibrium — the situation where quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied; the combination of price and quantity where there is no economic pressure from surpluses or shortages that would cause price or quantity to change.
Factors of production — the combination of labor, materials,
and machinery that is used to produce goods and services; also called inputs.
Inferior good — a good in which the quantity demanded falls as income rises, and in which quantity demanded rises and income falls.
Inputs — the combination of labor, materials, and machinery that is used to produce goods and services; also called factors of production.
Law of demand — the common relationship that a higher price
leads to a lower quantity demanded of a certain good or service and a lower price leads to a higher quantity demanded, while all other variables are held constant.
Law of supply — the common relationship that a higher price leads to a greater quantity supplied and a lower price leads to a lower quantity supplied, while all other variables are held constant.
Normal good — a good in which the quantity demanded rises as income rises, and
in which quantity demanded falls as income falls.
Price — what a buyer pays for a unit of the specific good or service.
Quantity demanded — the total number of units of a good or service consumers are willing to purchase at a given price.
Quantity supplied — the total number of units of a good or service producers are willing to sell at a given price.
Shift in demand — when a
change in some economic factor (other than price) causes a different quantity to be demanded at every price.
Shift in supply — when a change in some economic factor (other than price) causes a different quantity to be supplied at every price.
Shortage — at the existing price, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied; also called excess demand.
Substitute — a good that can replace another to some
extent, so that greater consumption of one good can mean less of the other.
Supply curve — a line that shows the relationship between price and quantity supplied on a graph, with quantity supplied on the horizontal axis and price on the vertical axis.
Supply schedule — a table that shows a range of prices for a good or service and the quantity supplied at each price.
Supply — the relationship between price
and the quantity supplied of a certain good or service
.
Surplus — at the existing price, quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded; also called excess supply (1) .