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An infants birth weight is 7 pounds, 8 ounces. What can the nurse project the weight to be at 6 months?
a. 12 pounds
b. 15 pounds
c. 18 pounds
d. 22 pounds
b. 15 pounds
An infant usually doubles his or her birth weight by 5 to 6 months.
The mother of a 7-month-old reports that the first lower central incisor has erupted. She asks the nurse, How many teeth will he have by his first birthday? The nurse explains that the infant will have how many teeth by 1 year of age?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
c. 6
The 1-year-old infant usually has about 6 teeth, 4 above and 2 below.
At a well-baby visit, parents of a 6-month-old ask when to take the infant for the first dental visit. What is the nurses best response?
a. If the teeth are brushed regularly, the child should see a dentist by 3 years of age.
b. The first dental visit should be arranged after the first tooth erupts. c. The child should have a dental examination when all deciduous teeth have erupted.
d. A dental visit by 1 year of age is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.
d. A dental visit by 1 year of age is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.
The Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends that the first dental visit occur by 1 year of age.
The nurse is planning anticipatory guidance for a caregiver of a preschool-age child. The nurse will explain that permanent teeth begin erupting at what age?
a. 4 years old
b. 6 years old
c. 8 years old
d. 10 years old
b. 6 years old
Permanent teeth do not erupt through the gums until the sixth year.
A mother asks the nurse how much food should be offered to her 2-year-old. What is a good rule of thumb for serving size (in tablespoons) per year of age?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
a. 2
The rule of thumb for serving sizes is to offer 1 tablespoon of each food group per year of age.
What activity would the nurse choose to meet Erikson's developmental task of industry when caring for a 7- year-old?
a. Completing a 50-piece jigsaw puzzle
b. Looking at a comic book
c. Playing a game of I Spy with the nurse
d. Coloring a picture in a coloring book
a. Completing a 50-piece jigsaw puzzle
In the developmental period of late childhood, children are striving to develop a sense of industry. The completion of a jigsaw puzzle is industrious play.
The mother of a 7-month-old states, The baby is eating food now. Should I give him regular milk, too? What is the nurses best response?
a. You should give the baby low-fat milk.
b. Try the milk. See if he has any digestive problems.
c. Continue breast milk or iron-fortified formula until 1 year of age.
d. At this age, infants can tolerate lactose-free or soy-based
milk.
c. Continue breast milk or iron-fortified formula until 1 year of age.
Whole milk should not be introduced before 1 year of age. Low-fat milk should not be introduced before 2 years of age.
When a small group of preschool-age children were playing house, each child was pretending to be a particular family member. What type of play does the nurse recognize these children are participating in?
a.
Parallel
b. Cooperative
c. Symbolic
d. Fantasy
b. Cooperative
In cooperative play, children play with each other, each taking a specific role.
A mother calls the pediatricians office because her infant is colicky. What is the most helpful measure the nurse can suggest to the mother?
a. Sing songs to the infant in a soft voice.
b. Place the infant in a well-lit room.
c. Walk
around and massage the infants back.
d. Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently
d. Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently
One technique the nurse can offer parents of a fussy infant is to rock the infant gently and slowly while being careful to avoid sudden movements.
When does the posterior fontanelle close?
a. 2 to 3 months
b. 3 to 6 months
c. 6 to 9 months
d. 9 to 12 months
a. 2 to 3 months
The posterior fontanelle closes between 2 and 3 months of age.
. At what age does an infants birth weight triple?
a. 9 months
b. 1 year
c. 18 months
d. 2 years
b. 1 year
The infant usually triples his or her birth weight by about 12 months of age.
What is the earliest age at which an infant is able to sit steadily alone?
a. 4 months
b. 5 months
c. 8 months
d. 15 months
c. 8 months
The infant can sit alone without support at about 8 months of age.
REF: Page 398
What is the earliest age at which the infant should be able to walk independently?
a. 8 to 10 months
b. 12 to 15 months
c. 15 to 18 months
d. 18 to 21 months
b. 12 to 15 months
For the majority of children, the milestone of walking alone is achieved between 12 and 15 months.
What is the term for cross eye?
Strabismus
What is the term for lazy eye?
Amblyopia
The parent of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse, At what age do infants usually begin drinking from a cup? What is the nurses most accurate response?
a. 5 months
b. 9 months
c. 1 year
d. 2 years
a. 5 months
The infant can usually drink from a cup when it is offered at about 5 months.
What would the nurse expect a 4-month-old to be able to accomplish?
a. Hold a cup.
b. Stand with assistance.
c. Lift head and shoulders.
d. Sit with back
straight.
c. Lift head and shoulders.
Because development is cephalocaudal, of these choices, lifting the head and shoulders is the one that the infant learns to do first. The infant can usually sit with support at about 5 months of age and can sit alone at about 8 months.
REF: Page 397
What is an abnormal finding in an evaluation of growth and development for a 6-month-old infant?
a. Weight
gain of 4 to 7 ounces per week
b. Length increase of 1 inch in 2 months
c. Head lag present
d. Can sit alone for a few seconds
c. Head lag present
The infant should be holding the head up well by 5 months of age. If head lag is present at 6 months, the child should undergo further evaluation.
What will the nurse advise a parent to do when introducing solid foods?
a. Begin with one
tablespoon of food.
b. Mix foods together.
c. Eliminate a refused food from the diet.
d. Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart.
d. Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart.
The nurse is assessing development in a 9-month-old infant. What would the nurse expect to observe?
a. Speaking in 2-word sentences
b. Grasping objects with palmar grasp
c. Creeping along the floor
d.
Beginning to use a spoon rather sloppily
c. Creeping along the floor
What statement made by a parent indicates correct understanding of infant feeding?
a. I've been mixing rice cereal and formula in the baby's bottle.
b. I switched the baby to low-fat milk at 9 months.
c. The baby really likes little pieces of chocolate.
d. I give the baby any new foods before he takes his bottle.
d. I give the baby any new foods before he takes his bottle.
New solid foods should be introduced before formula or breast milk to encourage the infant to try new foods.
A mother is concerned because her 10-month-old is lethargic. What is the best action the nurse can advise this mother to implement?
a. Keep the infants room well lit.
b. Rub the infants soles vigorously.
c. Offer the infant a pacifier.
d. Handle the infant slowly and gently.
d. Handle the infant slowly and gently.
Some infants respond to stimulating environments by shutting down. Move and handle infants slowly and gently
The nurse discusses child-proofing the home for safety with the mother of a 9-month-old. Which statement made by the mother would indicate an unsafe behavior?
a. I put covers on all of the electrical outlets.
b. In the car, she rides in a front-facing car seat.
c. There are locks on all of the cabinets in the house.
d. I have a gate at the top and bottom of the stairs.
b. In the car, she rides in a front-facing car seat.
A rear-facing infant car seat should be used for infants younger than 1 year of age.
REF: Page 409
The mother of an infant born prematurely tells the nurse, The baby is irritable. She cries during diaper changes and feedings. Can you make some suggestions about what I should do to soothe her? What is the most appropriate recommendation to help this parent?
a. Play the radio or TV while you feed the infant.
b. Put the infant in a room with sunlight.
c. Wrap the infant snugly when you hold them.
d. Change the infants position quickly.
c. Wrap the infant snugly when you hold them.
What is the most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1- year-old?
a. Ride a tricycle.
b. Spend time in an infant swing.
c. Play with push-pull toys.
d. Read large picture books.
c. Play with push-pull toys.
Which statement indicates the mother of an 8-month-old understands infant sleep patterns?
a. I put the baby in my
bed until she falls asleep, then I put her in her crib.
b. I let the baby skip an afternoon nap so that she will fall asleep earlier.
c. I put the pacifier in the crib so that she can find it when she wakes up.
d. I rock the baby back to sleep if she wakes up at night.
c. I put the pacifier in the crib so that she can find it when she wakes up.
The parent should assist the infant to develop self-soothing behaviors so that the infant can get back to sleep on her own.
How might the nurse demonstrate the parachute reflex with an infant?
a. Lifting the infant high in the air above her head
b. Holding the infant in a football hold, cradling the head
c. Seating the infant in a stroller in an upright position
d. Thrusting the infant downward into the crib
d. Thrusting the infant downward into the crib
. Parents of a 6-month-old infant ask the nurse why it is necessary to offer iron-rich formula to their child. What is the correct response?
a. The infant has limited ability to produce red blood cells.
b. The infant has ineffective digestive enzymes.
c. The infant has exhausted maternal iron stores.
d. The infant has need of the iron to support dentition.
c. The infant has exhausted maternal iron stores.
Many pediatricians recommend iron-fortified formulas because maternal iron stores decrease by 6 months of age.
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old infant in the pediatric office. What finding should the nurse report to the physician immediately?
a. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute
b. Pulse rate of 100 beats per minute
c. Minimal verbalization
d. Fussy behavior
a. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute
Respirations of a 1-year-old should be 20 to 40 breaths per minute. Increased respiratory rate can lead to distress and should be reported immediately. Pulse rate of 100 to 140 beats/minute is normal. Minimal verbalization and fussy behavior are not emergency situations or abnormal for this age.
. A new mother is voicing concern she is breastfeeding her newborn too frequently. How often does the nurse instruct this mother she should expect her newborn to feed?
a. Every 2 to 3 hours
b. Every 4 to 6 hours
c. Every 6 to 8 hours
d. Every 8 to 10 hours
a. Every 2 to 3 hours
Breastfed infants may require feedings at 2- to 3-hour intervals because breast milk is more easily digested. A flexible but regular schedule that provides a rest period between feedings is best for the parent and infant.
. The nurse cautions that children who have unmet hunger needs will likely display which characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Irritability
b. Ineffective feeding patterns
c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle
d. Distrust
e. Effective parent bonding
a. Irritability
b. Ineffective feeding patterns
c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle
d. Distrust
The nurse is preparing to outline principles of discipline for parents of an infant. What information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Firmly say No.
b. Distract the child to another activity.
c. Bribe the child with a sweet treat.
d. Remain consistent.
e. Ignore the child until behavior improves.
a. Firmly say No.
b. Distract the child to another activity.
d. Remain consistent.
What should the teaching plan include about infant fall precautions? (Select all that apply.)
a. Remove all unsteady furniture.
b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position.
c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table.
d. Use tray attachment on high chair as restraint.
e. Keep infant seat on the floor.
a. Remove all unsteady furniture.
b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position.
c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table.
e.
Keep infant seat on the floor.
The tray attachment to a high chair is an inadequate restraint. All other options are good precautions to prevent an infant from a fall.
The nurse is aware that the 7-month-old can signal feeding readiness by which action(s)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Pulling spoon toward mouth
b. Biting at spoon with upper and lower incisors
c. Pointing to food bowl
d. Bouncing up and down with excitement at
sight of food
e. Manipulating finger foods
a. Pulling spoon toward mouth
e. Manipulating finger foods
The nurse is educating parents of a 2-month-old about immunizations. What immunizations against illness should their child receive? (Select all that apply.)
a. Pertussis (whooping cough)
b. Influenza
c. Diptheria
d. Tetanus
e. Polio
a.
Pertussis (whooping cough)
b. Influenza
c. Diptheria
d. Tetanus
e. Polio
. What will the nurse take into consideration when educating parents regarding infant nutrition? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cultural practices
b. Sex of the infant
c. Parental knowledge
d. Infants developmental level
e. Parent-child interaction
a. Cultural practices
c. Parental knowledge
d.
Infants developmental level
e. Parent-child interaction
Parents of an infant inform the nurse they are planning home preparation of solid foods. What directions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
a. Boil foods in a large amount of water.
b. Do not freeze foods.
c. Add 1 teaspoon of salt per cup.
d. Puree food in electric blender.
e. Add sugar sparingly.
d. Puree food in
electric blender.
e. Add sugar sparingly.
Which behavior reported by a parent of an 18-month-old toddler would the nurse report to the pediatrician as a cause for concern?
a. Has temper tantrums
b. Feeds self sloppily
c. Walks by holding onto furniture
d. Speaks in short sentences
c. Walks by holding onto furniture
By 18 months, a toddler should have been walking alone for several months. The toddler who walks holding onto furniture should be evaluated by a developmental specialist.
What would the nurse assessing growth and development of a 2-year-old child expect to find?
a. The child jumps with both feet.
b. Twenty deciduous teeth have erupted.
c. The child can hop on one foot.
d. The child has a vocabulary of 900 words.
a. The child jumps with both feet.
The 2-year-old can jump with both feet. The remaining achievements occur after 2 years of age
The nurse observed three toddlers playing side by side with dolls. Closer observation revealed that the children were not interacting with one another. What type of play is this?
a. Solitary
b. Parallel
c. Associative
d. Cooperative
b. Parallel
What is the best advice the nurse can offer a parent concerned because her 2-year-old is very active and does not eat much?
a. Insist that the child eat one food on the plate.
b. Help the child wind down with a quiet activity before mealtime.
c. Maintain a consistent eating schedule for the family.
d. Serve the meal with a variety of interesting plates, cups, and utensil
b. Help the child wind down with a quiet activity before mealtime.
How would the nurse advise a parent who states, I never know how much food to feed my child?
a. Serving sizes should not exceed 1 teaspoon of each type of food. b. Food quantities must be carefully measured to avoid overfeeding. c. Use 1 tablespoon of each food for each year of age as a guideline. d. A toddler should eat three balanced meals. Snacks are not necessary.
c. Use 1 tablespoon of each food for each year of age as a guideline.
The nurse is discussing toilet training with parents. What behavior by the child would identify toilet training readiness?
a. Willing to sit on the potty for 15 to 20 minutes
b. Dry in the daytime for 4-hour periods
c. Able to communicate that he or she is wet
d. Curious about bathroom activities
c. Able to communicate that he or she is wet
REF: Page 417
What is the most appropriate toy for the nurse to select for a normal 2-year-old child?
a. Bicycle with training wheels
b. Dump truck
c. Wind-up toy
d. Building block set
b. Dump truck
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