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Terms in this set (108)
Changing a pattern of thought that is resumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion is called:
cognitive restricting
_______ therapies are treatments to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual's body functions.
biological
Dr. Addison is a behavior therapist. When she explains what she does, which of the following are involved in the explanation?
classical conditioning techniques, and operant condition techniques
The concept of "empathy" as it is used in humanistic therapy is a therapist's attempt to:
feel emotions that the client is feeling
Which of the following are considered to be four major
humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic
The initial form of psychosurgery, a prefrontal _______, consisted of surgically destroying or removing parts of patient's frontal lobes, which, surgeons thought, controlled emotionally
lobotomy
Moniz developed the original lobotomy procedure, and Freeman developed his own version using a surgical instrument similar to:
an ice pick
In _______ therapy several unrelated people meet with a therapist to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning.
group
Which of the following are side effects of antianxiety drugs?
loss of coordination, mental slowness, and fatigue
_______ are the most widely used class of antipsychotic drugs
Neuroleptics
_______-_______ is the idea that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
self-efficacy
Bandura believed that _______ was the key to successful therapy and that it represented ability to master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
self-efficacy
_______ therapists meet with the all members of this "group" so that they can speak freely for the therapist to see how they interact.
family
Sasha, her three children and her partner are all going to see a therapist. They will participate in _______ therapy.
family
Which of the following are examples of antianxiety drugs
Xanax and valium
Which of the following is a main class of antidepressant?
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
The basic philosophy of therapy is based on operant conditioning is that maladaptive behaviors are:
learned and can be unlearned
The concept of authenticity is used by _______ therapist and involves letting a client know
humanistic; the true feelings of the therapist
When a client-centered therapist relates to a client with authenticity, the therapist
lets the client know the feeling of the therapist
Which of the following are erroneous ways of thinking associated with Beck's approach to cognitive therapy?
perceiving the world as harmful, whereas ignoring evidence to the contrary, magnifying the importance of undesirable events, engaging in absolutist thinking, overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples
_______ drugs are a class of medications used to treat depression and improve the moods of the patients
antidepressant
Ivan is undergoing psychodynamic therapy. He is frequently late for therapy sessions. He sometimes argues with his therapist and may speak endlessly about trivial matters. His therapist describes this as _______.
resistance
Ella's therapist has told her that he practices "insight therapy," where an important therapeutic goal is gaining insight. Ella's therapist is most likely either _______ or _______.
psychodynamic and humanistic
The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach are both examples of the more general term:
insight therapy
The acronym ECT stands for (shock) or _______ therapy.
electroconvulsive
Biological therapies reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders:
through electroconvulsive therapy, wit psychosurgery, and with drugs
The most common form of biomedical therapy is
drug therapy
While the specific drug action is not clearly established, which of the following drugs is widely used to treat bipolar disorder?
lithium
What type of psychological service provider has an MD., postgraduate training in abnormal behavior and the ability to prescribe medication for psychological disorders?
psychiatrist
Kidney and thyroid gland complications are possible consequences of the use of:
lithium
_______ drugs reduce the level of anxiety a person experience and increase feeling of well-being
Antianxiety
The field of psychology that focuses on the integration of science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders is _______ psychology.
clinical
MAO inhibitors are sometimes prescribed when it has been found that _______ have not been effective.
tricyclics
_______ mental health is based on the idea that individuals with disorders ought to remain within society and with their families while receiving treatment.
community
A humanistic therapist who expresses feelings of acceptance towards a client, regardless of what the client has done or feels, is expressing _______ _______ regard.
unconditional positive
In an attempt to get a client to identify and understand his or her own genuine feelings a therapist using client-centered therapy might use the technique of:
reflective speech
_______ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and about themselves.
cognitive
Ray's therapist has suggested a procedure whereby each time Ray drinks an alcoholic drink, he has to also consume a mixture that induces nausea. What is Ray's therapist suggesting?
Aversive conditioning
Which of the following disorders might be successfully treated with aversion therapy?
a substance abuse disorder
_______ drugs reduce the level of anxiety a person can experience and increase feelings of well-being.
antianxiety
A therapist who uses the technique of "reflective speech":
mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them
Psychoanalysts using the technique of _______ association tell patients to say about whatever comes to mind regardless of its apparent irrelevance or senselessness.
free association
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft are widely prescribed because they have fewer side effects than other anti-depressants. They do have some side effects, however, such as:
anxiety, headache, insomnia and reduced sexual functioning
Through _______, a humanistic therapist strives to put himself or herself in the client's shows, and try to feel what the client is feeling.
empathy
Jorge is a therapist who has a doctoral degree and specializes in career counseling for adults in mid-life transition. Most likely he is _______ psychologist.
counseling
Client-centered therapy is a humanistic therapy that emphasizes the procedures of
providing a warm, supportive atmosphere, helping to identify and understand the client's genuine feelings and encouraging the clients to gain insight into problems.
Dr. Skelton considers herself to be a practitioner of contemporary psychodynamic therapy. Which of the following are most likely true of her therapeutic style?
the therapist probes the unconscious of the patient, she places less emphasis on sex than traditional psychoanalysts do and therapy sessions are less frequent than in the traditional version of psychoanalysis.
Contemporary psychodynamic therapies differ from the original approach in the contemporary practitioners:
typically see their clients less frequently and for a shorter time, place more importance on the conscious mind and now typically have their clients sit in a chair.
Which of the following is the best explanation of tardive dyskinesia?
it is a neurological disorder that is the possible consequence of taking neuroleptics.
A therapist's understanding that certain techniques, such as CBT, may clash with a client's cultural beliefs reflects _______-_______ competence.
cross-cultural
_______ drugs are used to reduce severe symptoms of disturbance, such as loss of reality and agitation.
antipsychotic
A drug that is widely used to treat bipolar disorder is _______.
lithium
Which of the following is true of humanistic psychotherapy?
people are encouraged to understand themselves, the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere, and there is an emphasis on peoples' self-healing capacities.
_______ therapy has the underlying rationale that people have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially able to solve their own problme
humanistic
Sam and Tracy decide to see a therapist to improve their romantic relationship. This is typically referred to as _______ therapy.
couples
_______ support groups are for individuals who tend to cope by seeking information, and affiliations with peers. This type of group can also reduce stress and promote adjustment.
self-help
Critics of groups therapy argue that some types of people will be left out and not receive the attention they need during groups sessions. What type person are these critics referring to?
shy, withdrawn individuals
During what period did community psychology gain popularity?
1960s
The transfer of former mental patients out of institutions and into the community is called
deinstitutionalization
Which of the following is true of Western therapies are applied to other cultures?
many people in collectivist cultures rely more on discussing their problems with problems with parents, friends, and relatives and western cultures tend to be individualistic, that is they center on the individual, whereas other cultures may not have such an emphasis
When a therapist is treating a client, the client's environmental or _______ influences are also relevant.
cultural
Studies have found that when there is a match between the therapist and client's ethnic background which of the following may be observed:
there are better treatment outcomes and the client is likely to stay in treatment longer.
Which of the following are side effects of the tricyclic anti-depressant drugs?
Restlessness, faintness, memory difficulties and sleepiness
MAO inhibitors work because they block an enzyme that:
breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin
MAO inhibitors are used less often than the tricyclic antidepressants because of potential interactions with:
some alcoholic beverages and cheese and other fermented foods
Which of the following are risk factors associated with MAO inhibitors?
interactions with cheese and fermented foods can raise blood pressure, increasing the risk of strokes.
SSRI drug work by increasing the levels of _______ in the brain.
serotonin
Antidepressants can be used to treat the primary symptoms of which of the following disorders?
major depression and anxiety disorders
While the exact mechanism is not known, lithium is thought to influence mood by influencing:
norepinephrine level and serotonin levels
Neuroleptic drug are known to affect what neurotransmitter?
dopamine
When patients quit taking their prescribed neuroleptic drugs:
their symptoms return because neuroleptics treat the symptoms, not the cause
The newest type of antipsychotic drugs are:
atypical antipsychotic medication
New procedures for treating psychotic patients include:
combining drug therapy with psychotherapy, administering small dose of antipsychotic medications over time and providing skill training in vocational social skills
Which procedure used in the treatment of severe depression involves an electric current being briefly administered to a patient's head?
electroconvulsive therapy
Compared to cognitive therapy and antidepressant therapy, ECT:
produces rapid improvements
While the effectiveness of ECT, cognitive therapy, and drug therapy is comparable, ECT has the advantage in:
the speed with which alteration in mood is achieved
In cases of severe depression, _______ therapy offers the only quickly effective treatment.
ECT
What is the name for brain surgery in which the object is reduce symptoms of a mental disorder?
psychosurgery
A side effect of a prefrontal lobotomy is
being left in a vegetative state
Individuals who received the psychosurgical procedures known as _______ suffered permanent and profound brain damage.
lobotomies
Unlike the earlier psychosurgery techniques, modern surgeries:
target the amygdala or other part of the limbic system and use small lesions and are much more precise
MAO inhibitors are used less often than the tricyclic antidepressant because:
the tricyclic antidepressants have relatively fewer side effects
Which of the following is not a new strategy for treating individuals with schizophrenia?
Electroconvulsive therapy
The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy depression is:
approximately the same as cognitive therapy and approximately the same as antidepressant drugs
The fact that individuals receive information about their problems from other members, that individuals observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well, that other members support on another, and the fact that corrective feedback from peers may correct flaws in the individual's interpersonal skills, and all attractive features of _______ therapy?
group
In spite of side effects such as memory loss and other cognitive impairments, some therapists feel that ECT is an appropriate therapy because
the rapid improvement in depressed patients can save lives.
What is the name for brain surgery in which the object is to reduce symptoms of a mental disorder?
psychosurgery
The prefrontal lobotomy procedures, as practiced by Walter Freeman, sought to alleviate severe symptoms of mental illness with surgeries that lasted:
minutes
Frank is seeing a therapist for his spider phobia. The therapist first teaches him muscle relaxation and then they develop a stimulus hierarchy. Frank is seeing a therapist who uses
systematic desensitization
_____ treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Tricyclics
Lithium is commonly used to treat
bipolar disorder
Which of the following therapies represents the application of operant principles to psychological disorders?
applied behavior analysis
Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies?
they strive to eliminate individuals' depressed symptoms or behaviors
Gabriella has been diagnosed with depression and is currently under medication. Her doctor has prescribed her selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. According to this information, which of the following side effects will be experienced by Gabriella as a result of taking this medication?
nausea
Which of the following is a class of antipsychotic drugs that is administered as a part of drug therapy?
neuroleptics
According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems?
bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are
more likely to drop out of therapy
Which of the following is a characteristic of group therapy?
altruism
Which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs?
if an individual with schizophrenia stop taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return.
Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference?
Derek feels attached to his psychotherapist who resembles his girlfriend
In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for
anxiety disorders and eating disorders
Which of the following biomedical interventions for eliminating the symptoms of psychological disorders is used least often?
psychosurgery
The release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting experience is known as
catharsis
Adrian is a cognitive therapist. He intends to help his client Troy, who feels that he is a born loser and will continue to be a loser in the future. According to this information, which of the following cognitive therapy techniques should be implemented by Adrian?
examining advantage and disadvantages
In the context of psychoanalysis, when a psychotherapist questions a client about the nightmares the client has had, the therapist is engaging in the method of
dream analysis
_____ is a technique in cognitive therapy.
Decatastrophize
The therapeutic environment of client-centered therapy is likely to be characterized by
warmth and support
_____ are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the path to psychological health.
psychodynamic and humanistic therapies
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