How did the 17th Amendment effect a change that more closely matched the original goals of the Framers?
a. Senators are now elected by, and held accountable to, their State legislatures
b. Senators are now appointed by, and held accountable to, their State representatives
c. Senators are now appointed by, and held accountable to, their State executive branch
d. Senators are now elected by, and held accountable to, the citizens of their State
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"The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to [choose] three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three." —Article I, Section 2, Clause 3.
The number of seats later became redistributed automatically by
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Terms in this set (44)
delegates
people with authority to represent others at a conference or convention
trustees
lawmakers who vote based on their conscience and judgment, not the views of their constituents
partisans
lawmaker who owes his or her first allegiance to their political party and votes according to the party line
politicos
lawmakers who attempt to balance the basic elements of the trustee, delegate, and partisan roles
bills
a proposed law presented to a legislative body for consideration
floor consideration
the process by which proposed laws are considered and acted upon by the full membership of the House or Senate
oversight function
review by legislative committees of the policies and programs of the executive branch
term
two-year period of time during which Congress meets
session
period of time during which, each year, Congress assembles and conducts business
convene
to begin a new session of Congress
adjourn
suspend, as in a session of Congress
recess
a time when both houses of Congress temporarily suspend business
prorogue
adjourn, as in a legislative session
special session
an extraordinary session of a legislative body, called to deal with an emergency situation
franking privilege
benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage free
Luther Patrick
served as U.S. representative from Alabama
Nancy Pelosi
first female Democratic leader of the House, first female Speaker of the House, and for the 113th Congress, served as the Minority Leader of the House
Harry Truman
33rd President of the United States. Saw Victory in Europe Day
apportioned
to be distributed, as in the seats in the House of Representatives
reapportion
redistribute, as in seats in a legislative body
single-member district
electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office
at-large
election of officeholder by voters of an entire government unit (state or country) rather than by voters of a district of subdivision
gerrymandering
the drawing of electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group
off-year elections
congressional election that occurs between presidential election years
incumbent
the current officeholder
continious body
governing unit whose seats are never all up for election at the same time
constituencies
the people and interests the senators represent
James Madison
saw those provisions as "a necessary fence" against the "fickleness and passion" of the House of Representatives
Woodrow Wilson
28th president who agreed with Madison
Robert C. Byrd
first elected to the upper house in 1958 and holds the all time record for length of service there- more than 51 years
A representative is preparing to vote on a bill that includes some benefits for her State, but also results in greater deficit spending. She is aware that most of her constituents support the bill. Under what circumstances do you think she would chose to vote as a partisan or a trustee, rather than a delegate, on this bill?
She would vote as a trustee on this bill. She would chose this over delegate if the bill is too expensive.
What option does the Constitution give the President if Congress adjourns without an approved budget?
The president may call a special session if Congress adjourns without an approved budget.
The Constitution specifies that Congress has the power to fix its own pay. Why was it important to modify this authority with the 27th Amendment?
It was important to modify this authority because congress may abuse their power and tax the people too much
A poll showed voters prefer that members of Congress act as delegates . How might we expect the effect of this to differ between senators and representatives?
We would expect them to differ because it would influence representatives more than senators because they know this means an election is going to happen soon.
What is the most likely reason that the Constitution placed limits on the President's power to convene and dismiss Congress?
The most likely reason would be to make sure the President doesn't abuse their power.
In what way does Congress's oversight function provide a process of checks and balances?
It gives Congress the responsibility to check how the executive branch carries out its jobs
What aspects of the National Government exemplify the Framers' plan to have representatives focused on national, rather than personal, interests?
It's focused more on national because senators represent states, not people and a representative gives a voice in Congress
Lawmakers often view membership in Congress today differently than during the nation's early history. How and why might this be reflected in the way today's members of Congress vote?
Today, politicians see this more as a career path because they are concerned about getting elected or reelected. They see themselves as more delegate role than representative role.
Why did the Constitution provide that the total number of seats in the House of Representatives should be apportioned among the States based on population, rather than being set at a fixed number?
The Constitution said that the number of representatives was based on population rather than a fixed number because they wanted a fair number of representation.
What was the effect of the 1932 Supreme Court case Wood v. Broom on the Constitution's goal of equal representation in the House?
The effect was that the court case weakened representation
The author has stated that "far more often than not, the party that holds the presidency loses seats in the off-year elections." What can you infer causes this loss?
I can infer that the party that has the presidency wants the other party to vote to make sure the whole government isn't made up of one party
What is the significance of the 1969 Supreme Court's decision in Powell v. McCormack to uphold the Constitution's formal qualifications of age, citizenship, and residency for a member of the house?
It limited the House's ability to impose additional standards on representatives
Representative Jones, acting as a delegate, votes for a spending bill favored by his constituents, even though he is not in favor of the bill. Senator Miller votes against it as a partisan, even though his constituents favor the bill. What effect does each Congressman's term length have on their voting decision?
Representative Jone's term length makes him feel pressured to cast a popular vote
What did the Constitution intend when it provided procedures for the Senate to judge the conduct of its members?
The Constitution intended that the members of Senate would have a high standard of appropriate behavior that they should constantly meet.
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