Statements that explain the relationship between the concepts in a theory quizlet

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Terms in this set (30)

theory

a set of defined concepts and relations statements that presents view of a phenomenon and can be used t describe, explain, predict, or control the way the world works
the relational statements are tested through research, not theory

concept

a word picture or mental idea of a phenomenon

construct (variable)

used to indicate a phenomenon that cannot be directly observed by must be inferred by certain concrete or less abstract indicators of the phenomenon

proposition

statement or assertion of the relationship between concepts

empirical generalizations

when a similar pattern of events is identified in the quant data of a number of different studies

deductive reasoning

proceeds from general (theory) to specific (empirical data)
hypothesis is deduced
theory -> propositional statements -> hypothesis -> empirical date

inductive reasoning

proceeds from specific to general
empirical data -> emirical generalizations -> propositional statements -> theory

literature

determines what theories may be used to examine the research questions
quant tests theories as explanations
qual studies may generate the theory

variable in quant research

a characteristic of an individual or group that is measurable
ex. age, gender, socioeconomic status

variables in quant research

two factors:
temporal order: one variable precedes another in time
measurable or observable

IV

variable in quat research:
variables that probably causes outcomes

DV

variable in quat research:
the outcomes that depend on the IV

control

variable in quat research:
IV that are measured and statically "controlled"

confounding

variable in quat research:
variables that could also affect the DV, but cannot or will not be measured
factors out of the control of the researcher or program staff that significantly influence the program outcomes or are not recognized until after the study begins
ex. demographics, community characteristics, lifestyle factors

quant theory

a scientific prediction or explanation of what the researcher expects to find out abut a set of interrelated variables

hypothesis

when the researcher uses a theory to predict the anticipated outcome of a study he/she has created the ---

theory

as the researcher conducts the study and puts forward an explanation for his/her predictions and study findings, he/she is presenting his/her ---

theory (quant)

interrelated set of contracts formed into propositions that specify the relationships among variables
describes how and why variables are related

forms of theory (quant)

set of hypotheses: these are interconnected and demonstrate a process
series of if-then statements: these explain why one would expect an IV to influence or cause a DV

deductive approach typically used in quant research

researcher tests or verifies a theory -> researcher treats hypotheses or research questions from the theory -> researcher defines and operationalizes variables derived from the theory -> researcher measure or obsesses variables using an instrument to obtain scores

qual theory

provides broad explanations for behaviors and attitudes
provides theoretical lens for the examination of issues of marginalized groups which allows for a transformative perspective as it influences the questions asked, the data collected and analyzed, and the research outcomes
the theory become the end point: most qual research is an inductive process building from the data to the brand themes to a generalized model or theory

qual: no explicit theory

some qual studies build from detailed descriptions of phenomenon

qual: inductive

theory as an endpoint:
builds from data to broad themes
researcher gathers detailed information from participants
from this info into categories, theories or generalizations

qual

some --- studies do not employ any specific theory

feminist perspective

view as problematic women's diverse situations and the institutions that frame those situations (social justice issues)

critical theory

perspectives concerned with empowering human beings to transcend the entrants placed on them by race, class, and gender
critical theory research questions:
who/what is helped/privileged?
who/what is harmed/oppressed?

qual: queer theory

literature focused on individuals who call themselves gay, transgendered
expresses the voice of oppression, discrimination, and stigma

qual: disability inquiry

understanding the socio-cultural perspectives allowing them to take control over their lives rather than a biological understanding of disability
an endpoint, a theory that is generated

tips for using theory in qual study:

first decide if you will use theory in your study
if you decide to use theory, identify if the theory will be using the transformative or pragmatic lens
place the narratives about the theory early in the research proposal or at the end of the proposal

locating theory in a qual study

1. studies based on cultural themes or theoretical lens: the theory is placed in the opening passages
2. studies based in emerging designer qual inquiry: the theory appears in the beginning and is modified as the study progresses
3. studies based in grounded theory or reciprocal relationships: the data determine the theory that is used

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What are the statements that explain the relationship between the concepts in a theory?

What is the relationship between theory and research quizlet?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between hypotheses and theories?

Are statements that describe concepts and specifies the relationship or connection of factual concepts or phenomena?