Groups are defined by all of the following characteristics except:
There is satisfaction of personal needs through group membership.
There are rules and roles that control people's interactions.
Members of the group are dependent on one another to achieve individual goals.
The members are mutually dependent on each other.
There is recognition that people belong to a collective entity.
Members of the group are dependent on one another to achieve individual goals.
According to the textbook, which of the following is not a way teams are used by organizations?
To design and develop new products.
To coordinate day-to-day work activities.
To provide advice on how to improve quality.
To discipline employees.
To plan organizational change.
To discipline employees.
The historical approach to job design that shows the value of using teams in most modern organizations is called:
sociotechnical systems theory
The work of Kurt Lewin and his followers changed the study of group dynamics by:
Developing an action research approach that demonstrated the value of applied research and theory.
Triplett's finding that the presence of other people increases performance is called:
Social facilitation
According to the social facilitation effect, a person will run ____ when _____
faster, other people are around
In order to keep up with contemporary demands, organizations have been ____ layers of management and replacing managers with ____.
decreasing; teams
One key feature of a team is that members work together toward a common goal for which they all are accountable.
True/false
true
Social identification in groups is based on an "us vs. them" mentality.
true/false
true
There is a clear and commonly agreed upon distinction between groups and teams.
True/false
true
Team success is more than just completing a task successfully because:
Developing team skills for the future is an important part of teamwork.
Successful teams contain members who have all of the following characteristics except:
Similar social and education backgrounds to support good communication
Teams are typically better than the sum of individual efforts for tasks that:
Generate a solution representative of the team's product
All of the below are characteristics of successful work teams except:
Tasks that are easy and require little interdependence
Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for a team to succeed?
Assigning tasks based on previous work in teams.
"Collective intelligence" is correlated with:
Social sensitivity, equal communication, and females on a team
"Equifinality" refers to:
The multiple ways for the team to successfully operate
The positive psychology perspective on teams focuses upon:
Team member well-being
Which of the following is NOT a positive organizational outcome of effective work teams?
Greater autonomy
Teams in organizations are considered a fad because:
Their implementation is one of the most common organizational changes in the last two decades.
According to the punctuated equilibrium model, teams should focus on task strategy at:
The midpoint crisis
Which of the following statements about the stages of group development is FALSE?
Not all groups follow the typical pattern of stages of group development
Groups go through a storming or conflict stage after they have completed most of their work.
Groups are more productive in their later stages of development.
Groups need to establish norms before they can become fully productive.
Groups go through a storming or conflict stage after they have completed most of their work.
Whereas group development theories are focused on _______ groups, an alternative view based on characteristics of projects rather than on development of group processes is based on research on ______.
Therapy; work teams
Which of the following is FALSE about "Flash" teams?
New members join and others leave frequently during the life of the team.
Socialization does not occur in these teams because they change so quickly.
Many organizations today utilize these teams.
Examples include emergency surgery and disaster relief teams.
Socialization does not occur in these teams because they change so quickly.
Research on work teams shows that clear project goals:
Help improve team performance and internal team processes
Ground rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a team are called:
norms
Team norms are valuable because they:
Help to define what is appropriate behavior by team members
McGrath's model of how project groups operate over time proposes four types of functions:
Inception, problem solving, conflict resolution, execution
Ancona and Caldwell (1990) present a model of group development based on the:
Changing nature of tasks and how these changes affect internal processes and external relations
The reduction of individual contributions when people work in groups rather than alone refers to:
social loafing
Teams evaluate their ability to succeed by:
Examining their personal resources and ability to work together
Team efficacy has __________ relationship with performance:
2-way
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of more cohesive groups?
weak norms
Which of the following is NOT a type of team meeting role?
Critic
Timekeeper
Scribe
Facilitator
critic
What is the optimum balance between task and social behaviors?
It depends on the characteristics of the task and group.
In an airline flight crew, an understanding of the different roles of crew members refers to its:
mental model
All of the following are functions of team reflexivity EXCEPT:
Receive feedback about the success or failure of actions
Clarify roles of team members
Verify team members'
perspectives about what occurred
Develop explanations of why the behaviors occurred
clarify roles of team members
The "sucker effect" occurs when people feel they are not valued by the team.
true/false
false
Members are more likely to multitask during virtual meetings than in face-to-face ones.
True/false
true
Which of the following is NOT a major reason why people act competitively in teams?
Differences in team size
Personality differences
Differences in organizational rewards
Cultural differences
Differences in team size
Which of the following is NOT a reason competition within a team often hurts performance?
It
creates goal confusion among team members.
It strengthens team cohesion.
It creates distrust among team members.
It reduces communication within a team.
It strengthens team cohesion.
Intergroup competition results in all of the following EXCEPT:
Increased prejudices and negative beliefs about the other group
Increased conflicts between the groups
Decreased focus of the group on its
task
Reduced ability of the group to act creatively
Decreased focus of the group on its task
Sherif's (1966) classic study of boys at summer camp showed:
The positive effects of leadership
The negative effects of virtual communications
The positive effects of cooperation
The negative effects of competition
The negative effects of competition
Which of the following statements about cooperation is FALSE?
Cooperation is more important when tasks are complex or ambiguous.
Cooperative situations reduce the performance of high performers.
Cooperation encourages team members to help each other.
Cooperation helps to motivate most team members.
Cooperative situations reduce the performance of high performers.
Cooperation is more important when tasks are:
Ambiguous, complex, or changing
Boring, simple, and physical
Difficult, static, and independent
Independent, simple, and routine
Ambiguous, complex, or changing
Which of the following is NOT a way to encourage cooperation within a group?
Setting superordinate goals
Building communication
Increase
competition against other groups
Encouraging altruistic norms
Increase competition against other groups
Which of the following is NOT a rule for constructive controversy?
Combine ideas
Get outside information
Establish openness norms
Encourage conformity
Encourage conformity
Mixed-motive situations are rare for groups.
true/false
false
Japan is considered a collectivist society.
true/false
true
Which of the following is TRUE regarding gender and communication in groups?
The masculine style of communication is used only by males.
Masculine and feminine styles are used by both sexes.
The feminine style emphasizes independence and reporting knowledge.
The masculine style of communication is used only by females of high status.
Masculine and feminine styles are used by both sexes.
Building trust in a team requires all of the following EXCEPT:
Constant changes in team membership
Time
Being trusting
Being trustworthy
Constant changes in team membership
Which of the following does NOT enhance a team's psychological safety?
Teams emphasize status differences among members.
Teams have a devil's advocate.
Team leaders invite input and feedback.
Team members are allowed to admit mistakes without expecting punishment.
Teams emphasize status differences among members.
___________ is the ability to solve emotional problems.
emotional intelligence
_________ refers to an environment in which people feel free to express their thoughts and feelings.
psychological safety
Which of the following component of emotional intelligence refers to the ability to respond to others' emotions with respect and concern?
relationship management
Which of the following is NOT an important activity for a meeting facilitator?
Maintain an open communications climate.
Advocate their position so the group understands it.
Manage differences among group members.
Manage disruptive behaviors.
Advocate their position so the group understands it.
Distributing minutes of a meeting helps:
keep members accountable for assigned tasks
Task conflict is:
More valuable during the planning stages
Which of the following is NOT a guideline to effectively running the virtual meeting?
Script the meeting more loosely than a face-to-face meeting.
Meetings should be as unstructured as possible so creativity can flow.
true
Which of the following is an unhealthy source of conflict?
poorly run team meetings
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of group conflict?
Conflict can encourage a team to
explore new problem-solving approaches.
Conflict can help a team overcome obstacles that prevent progress.
Conflict can encourage a team to confirm its prior beliefs.
Conflict can help a team make better decisions.
Conflict can encourage a team to confirm its prior beliefs.
hich of the following is NOT a problem with group conflict?
It can result in negative stereotyping.
It can hamper
creativity.
It can create future competition between members.
It can create strong emotions and stress.
It can hamper creativity.
Which of the following is TRUE about conflict in work teams?
Process conflicts create disagreements about allocation of resources.
Relationship conflicts have a positive effect on team performance.
Task conflict regarding how to perform nonroutine tasks has a positive effect on performance.
Relationship conflicts have a positive effect on team satisfaction.
Task conflict regarding how to perform nonroutine tasks has a positive effect on performance.
Which of the following is TRUE about task and relationship conflict?
Task conflicts often lead to increased relationship c
conflicts.
The two are often related.
The two are not at all related.
The two are related only on routine tasks.
The two are often related.
The approach to conflict resolution that involves acting aggressively and trying to win is called:
confrontation
Which of the approaches to conflict resolution does NOT have the problem of creating winners and losers?
compromise
Preemptive strategies to help avoid conflicts include all of the below EXCEPT:
Creating norms that discourage conflict
Development of cooperation among members
Building of trust among members
Development of team contracts that identify how to handle difficult situations
Creating norms that discourage conflict
Which
of the following is NOT part of the structure for negotiation of conflict?
Separate the people from the problem.
Develop many options to solve the problem.
Focus on shared interests of all parties.
Stop the negotiation when there is not a clear solution.
Stop the negotiation when there is not a clear solution.
What are the two main reasons for the effects of social influence?
Normative and informational influence
Asch's (1955) study showed:
Even when group pressure is not direct, people may make bad judgments.
Personal or soft power includes all of following EXCEPT:
Reward power
A minority in a team can become influential by all of the following EXCEPT:
Demonstrating flexibility and willingness to compromise
Being consistent and sticking to their position
Appearing autonomous and free to make their own choices
Displaying self-confidence in their position
Demonstrating flexibility and willingness to compromise
Kipnis (1976) documents a cycle of power that shows:
corrupting nature of power
What factor has encouraged the trend of empowerment?
organizational downsizing
Which of the power styles is forceful, critical, and negative?
aggressive
When a team member acts assertively, ____________.
He/she will take a problem-solving approach to issues.
Normative conformity occurs when individual wants to be accepted by the group.
true/false
true
Studies by Kipness showed that power corrupts in business organizations and in families.
true/false
true
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a group to make a decision?
The decision process is more efficient because of increased resources.
Group members gain in knowledge by participating in the decision.
Group members pool their knowledge so they are less likely to repeat mistakes.
Participants are more motivated to implement a group decision.
The decision process is more efficient because of increased resources.
The style of group decision making where all group members participate and agree to accept the decision is:
consensus
Primary criteria for evaluating a decision-making approach are:
quality, speed, acceptance
The best way to fully utilize team resources is the ________ approach to group decision making.
consensus
The theory that provides a system to analyze a problem to determine the best approach for making a decision is called:
normative decision making
Group decision making is NOT often disrupted by:
disagreements
The U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2002 is an example of:
groupthink
Which of the following decision-making techniques is best for a group that wants to avoid face-to-face confrontations?
ringi
Heterogeneous groups make better decisions than homogenous groups.
true/false
true
Groupthink is exemplified by events such as the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2002.
true/false
true
When leadership functions are performed by various members of a team, it is called:
shared leadership
Which of the following factors does NOT predict leader emergence?
effectiveness
Which trait has NOT been found to be related to leadership?
aggression
Which of the following does NOT reduce the need for a leader?
preference of members to be led
Yukl's (1989) multiple linkage model is a ______ theory of leadership.
contingency
Which of the following intervening variables is NOT part of the multiple linkage model of leadership?
stress of the situation
Self-managing teams have been around since the:
1960s
In their study of professional teams, Levi and Slem (1996) found:
self-managed teams did not necessarily perform better than traditional teams.
Which of the following is NOT advice for leading virtual teams?
set regular, synchronous meetings
Manage by outcomes, not process
Be more explicit in communications
Manage by problem solving
set regular, synchronous meetings
From a teamwork perspective, one of the most important leadership theories is situational leadership theory.
true/false
true
The first step in problem solving is to:
discuss and document individual views until everyone agrees the nature of the problem.
The four stages a team uses when solving problems are:
forming storming norming performing
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding team problem solving?
Team should include critical thinkers.
Team discussions should include differing opinions.
Process should include social, emotional, and political factors.
Team should analyze the problem, develop alternatives, and select the best solution.
Process should include social, emotional, and political factors.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective problem-solving team?
It gathers data from outside the team.
It manages only task, not relational, aspects of problem solving.
It listens to minority opinions.
It tests alternative solutions.
It manages only task, not relational, aspects of problem solving.
Which of the following does NOT explain why sometimes teams do not select the best solution to a problem?
Finding the best solution takes too long.
Decision making is often too rational.
The problem-solving process is disrupted by emotional issues.
There are trade-offs among alternative good solutions.
Decision making is often too rational.
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the rational problem-solving approach?
Generate alternative solutions
Define the problem
Make a decision
Encourage group polarization.
Encourage group polarization.
Problems vary in their levels in all of the following ways EXCEPT
:
complexity.
feasibility.
severity.
familiarity.
feasibility
Which of the following does NOT affect whether a team identifies a problem?
Team's performance
Openness in communication
Group norms toward conflict
Team's motivation to succeed
Team's motivation to succeed
Criteria used to rate alternatives include all of the following EXCEPT:
conflict avoidance
acceptability
cost-effectiveness
ease of implementation
conflict avoidance
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of problem-solving teams?
Established for brief periods
Usually comprised of members from various organizational levels
Worked on a variety of issues
Members all know each other well beforehand
Members all know each other well beforehand
Creativity is defined as:
a process that uses divergent thinking.
a process that uses convergent thinking.
all of the above are true.
something that is both novel and useful.
all of the above are true.
_________ and ____________ are the main reasons group interaction leads to less creativity than when individuals work alone.
Cognitive interference; social inhibition.
Research on group creativity shows that:
highly creative teams are composed of members who are somewhat familiar with each other.
From an organizational perspective, creativity:
is necessary to encourage innovation and change.
Which of the following factors would NOT enhance group creativity?
competition
Why must organizations rely on team creativity?
Because problems they face are too complex for individual solution
Which of the following is an environmental factor that does NOT stimulate creativity?
competition
Multiple voting is an approach to:
help select from many solutions generated by brainstorming.
Conflict or dissent is positive for group creativity.
true/false
true
Organizational climates that encourage risk-taking have more creativity.
true/false
true
Which of the following is NOT a reason why diversity is increasing in importance in organizations?
Globalization increases diversity in organizations.
Women and minorities work in all parts of organizations.
Technology is enhancing differences between individuals.
Organizations are becoming less age segregated.
Technology is enhancing differences between individuals.
Which of the following types of diversity is NOT a surface-level factor?
Race
Age
Personality
Sex
personality
The impact of diversity on groups is caused by:
group processes that require cooperation among people with different values and beliefs.
individual differences that affect how people perform.
all of the above are true.
expectations people have about how others will perform.
all of the above are true.
Which of the following is NOT a problem that diversity causes for a team?
Inappropriate cognitive categorization of people
Increased stress within the team
Differential treatment of group members by the leader
Social competition within the team
Increased stress within the team
Research comparing homogeneous and heterogeneous teams shows that:
culturally diverse teams outperform homogeneous teams in later phases of the team's life.
Which of the following is NOT a moderating variable that impacts how diversity will affect teamwork?
Learning orientation of the team
Interdependence of tasks
Time working together
Stressfulness of work
Stressfulness of work
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the use of cross-functional teams by organizations?
They discourage learning because members are specialized.
These teams are more likely to have conflict problems.
They are often effective, but have mixed effects on efficiency.
They are necessary to deal with complex problems that cut across organizational boundaries.
They discourage learning because members are specialized.
Which of the following is NOT a perceptual bias that results in misperception of others?
Stratification
Similar-to-me effect
Selective perception
Halo effect
Stratification
Which of the following organizational actions would LEAST likely help enhance the positive effects of diversity on teams?
Developing social contacts and relationships between workers of different backgrounds
Creating a psychologically safe environment
Equalizing status
Teaching about cultural differences
Teaching about cultural differences
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Diversity should be linked to task assignments.
Awareness training needs to go beyond
just teaching about differences.
Diversity may lead to conflict.
Diversity may lead to distrust.
Diversity should be linked to task assignments.
Team culture refers to:
shared perceptions of how the team should operate to accomplish its goals.
Which of the following is NOT included in a team's culture?
Member
attitudes
Patterns of interactions
Member roles
Norms
member attitudes
Which of the following is NOT related to team culture?
Team leader's behavior
Team support.
What members learn in training
Utilization of training by team members
what members learned in training
Organizational culture refers to all of the following EXCEPT:
roles that members have in teams.
common norms and behavioral practices of organizational members
shared beliefs of people in an organization.
customs, rituals and traditions that underlie people's values in organizations.
roles that members have in teams.
Which of the following is NOT a major dimension of international culture?
Individualism—collectivism.
High power distance—low power distance.
High symbol orientation—low symbol orientation.
High tolerance of uncertainty—low tolerance of
uncertainty.
High symbol orientation—low symbol orientation.
Compared to the U.S., Japanese organizations tend to display:
collectivism, high power, and risk avoidance.
Forging a business relationship in Guatemala would likely entail:
a dinner that establishes social relations
___________ teams are composed of individuals from different cultures working on activities that span national borders.
transnational
By being part of global companies, transnational teams have to be concerned about all of the following EXCEPT:
organizational learning.
local responsiveness.
subcultures.
global efficiency.
subcultures.
Successful transnational teams tend to:
spend more time initially developing social relations.
A virtual team is any team mediated by all of the below EXCEPT:
distance.
synchronicity.
technology.
time.
synchronicity
Which of the following is FALSE about virtual teams?
Virtuality is a matter of degree; there is a continuum from face-to-face to fully virtual teams.
Most virtual teams have some face-to-face contact.
About half of companies use virtual teams to some degree.
The impact of technology on teams does not depend on individual member differences.
The impact of technology on teams does not depend on individual member differences.
Which of the following is NOT a way for technology to support teamwork?
Helps teams process information
Helps team members communicate both internally and externally
Gathers and presents information
Helps teams resolve conflicts
Helps teams resolve conflicts
Axley (1996) uses the following four criteria for evaluating communication methods:
speed, reach, interactivity, and richness.
Members of virtual groups are more anonymous, which leads to _____, a loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension.
deindividualization
Disadvantages of the virtual team to individual members include all of the following EXCEPT:
increased miscommunication.
isolation.
increased conflict.
decreased performance.
decreased performance.
Which of the following tasks is NOT suited for virtual teams?
Information gathering
Negotiation
Problem solving
Brainstorming
negotiation
During decision making, virtual teams, as compared to face-to-face teams, are more likely to:
share unique info
Richness in the communications technology is important for uncertain tasks.
true/false
true
One of the major advantages of virtual teams is the anonymity offered to members, which decreases conformity and evaluation apprehension, thereby increasing openness of ideas.
true/false
true
Which of the following statements about team-oriented performance evaluation systems is FALSE?
They help assign rewards and motivate team members.
They create less conflict than individual-based evaluation systems.
They provide feedback to the team to improve its performance.
They help identify training needs of the team.
They create less conflict than individual-based evaluation systems.
Multi-rater feedback is ______ than supervisor-only evaluations.
more reliable
When a team is successful, the members view it as caused by the team; but when the team is unsuccessful, members blame specific individuals for this failure. This is known as:
team halo effect
Which of the following is NOT a problem or bias with team evaluations?
lack of time
When comparing individual versus team rewards, it is important to note that:
a mixture of team and individual rewards encourages better performance than either type alone.
In team-oriented organizations, base pay should be based on:
skills and knowledge of employees
To make a noticeable difference in individual pay, team rewards should be about ____ % of the employee's salary.
10
_______ is/are a valuable and popular way of rewarding parallel teams, where participation is not a full-time, permanent activity.
team recognition awards
A fixed distribution of evaluation for team-based organizations will enhance teamwork.
true/false
false
Most U.S. employees prefer individual-based rewards.
true/false
true
Which of the following is FALSE about what team building means?
There is not a single perspective.
The best definition values social relations over performance.
The variety of perspectives reflects different goals.
It is an organizational development intervention.
The best definition values social relations over performance.
Which of the following should organizations NOT consider when planning on team building?
The organization's reward system
Whether team building is still a fad
Support from top management
The organization's culture
Whether team building is still a fad
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for effective teams?
Goals and values are clear
No conflict about task issues
Effective
problem solving
Climate of trust and support
No conflict about task issues
Which of the following is a NOT symptom of an ineffective team?
Constructive handling of conflict
Ineffective meetings with low participation
Lack of involvement from team members
High dependence on the leader
Constructive handling of conflict
Which of the following is NOT a type of team-building program?
Role clarification
Cohesion building
Goal-setting
Team therapy
team therapy
Which type of team-building program fosters team spirit and builds interpersonal connections among team members?
cohesion building
Getting team members to work together for a charity, such as Habitat for Humanity, is which type of team building program?
cohesion building
Research suggests that ________% of training actually transfers to the work environment.
10
Which of the following is NOT a component of an acting learning program?
A learning coach provides the team with solutions to the problem.
The team takes action to solve the problem or issues.
Learning is built around a real problem or issue that needs solving.
A learning coach encourages reflection.
A learning coach provides the team with solutions to the problem.
Which type of training leads to shared mental models for the team?
interpositional training